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Antonio Faggiano, Maria Ricciardi, Concetta Pironti, Alessandro Miranda, Antonino Fiorentino, Oriana Motta, Antonio Proto
Monitoring of the concentration of particulate matter, volatile organic compounds and nitrogen dioxide in the Vesuvius National Park

In this work, the air concentration of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in the area of the Vesuvius National Park (Naples, Southern Italy) was monitored. These values are fundamental to evaluate the effects of these pollutants on both the works of archaeological, historical and artistic interest and the numerous people who visit these sites. The atmosphere in the considered area was characterised by high PM pollution (average concentrations: 59.1 ug/m3 and 50.1 ug/m3 for PM10 and PM2.5 respectively), a quite high concentration of BTEX (average total concentration of 8.25 ug/m3), and an average concentration of 10.3 ug/m3of NO2.

Valeria Comite, Andrea Bergomi, Cristina Della Pina, Carlo Castellano, Mattia Borelli, Chiara Andrea Lombardi, Matteo Formenti, Mauro Francesco La Russa, Cecilia Cavaterra, Paola Fermo
Climatic chamber tests to evaluate the catalytic action of heavy metals in the sulphation process

Research conducted on the degradation of cultural and architectural heritage caused by the deposition of air pollutants indicates that both sulphur dioxide and particulate matter produced by the combustion of fossil fuels are the main agents responsible for the deterioration of carbonate materials. The main chemical degradation process is the sulphation of the substrate which consists in the initial conversion of sulphur dioxide (SO2) into sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) and the subsequent reaction of sulphuric acid with calcium carbonate. This leads to the formation of black crusts, which are composed of gypsum inside which particulate matter is embedded. Heavy metals adsorbed on the carbonaceous particles enable the sulphation of the substrate by acting as catalysts in both stages of the process. This research aims to evaluate which heavy metals activate the sulphation process by carrying out targeted exposure tests in climatic chambers.

Concetta Pironti, Maria Ricciardi, Antonio Faggiano, Ylenia Miele, Nadia Marchettini, Antonio Proto, Oriana Motta
Development of an analytical methodology based on stable isotope ratios for air quality assessment in cultural heritage

The preservation and conservation of cultural heritage require a multidisciplinary approach related both to material and environmental science. The study focuses on an innovative application of stable isotope analyses to assess the air quality in cultural heritage sites both indoor (museums, churches, historical buildings) and outdoor (archeological sites). Results of our analysis showed that the value of stable carbon isotope varies with visitor presence or different concentrations of air pollutants. These findings suggest that the proposed methodology is suitable to identify problems related to air quality in cultural sites, thus helping preservation actions that must be done.

Raffaella De Luca, Andrea Bloise, Vincenzo de Nittis, Adriano Guido, Domenico Miriello
Natural and artificial stone materials from the medieval Castle of Condojanni (Sant'Ilario dello Jonio, Calabria, Italy)

This work deals with the study of sixteen samples of natural and artificial stone materials taken from the medieval Castle of Condojanni in Sant’Ilario dello Jonio (Reggio Calabria, Southern Italy). Samples were studied using different analytical methods (Polarized Light Microscopy, X-ray Powder Diffraction; X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Energy Dispersion Microanalysis by Scanning Electron Microscope) in order to characterize their chemical, mineralogical and petrographic nature. The collected data allowed us to highlight similarities and differences among the samples, confirming the archaeological data, and to hypothesize the provenance of the limestones used for the production of the lime. In addition, the characterization of the samples was helpful to propose compatible stone materials for the restoration phase of the Castle.

Anna Maria De Francesco, Antonio La Marca, Carmelo Colelli, Donatella Barca
Petrographic and chemical characterization of the archaeological finds from Muricelle site (Luzzi, CS - Italy)

Muricelle is an archaeological site located near Cosenza in Calabria (Italy), dated between the first century AD and the Late Antiquity. In Muricelle, numerous archaeological finds have been recovered including pottery, coins, metallic, glass and marble artefacts. In the present study we will illustrate the results obtained on seventeen glass finds, ten amphorae fragments and ten bricks. The petrographic and chemical characterization of the artefacts was undertaken using different analytical methodologies well known in the archaeometric field. Seven local clayey samples, collected from local outcrops were, also, analysed to define their characteristics as potential raw materials for the brick production. The archaeometric approach applied in the study provided important information contributing to reconstruct the archaeological context related to the Muricelle site.

Laura Morero, Francesca Visone, Nicodemo Abate, Valentino Vitale, Antonio Minervino Amodio, Mariano Prodomo, Dario Gioia, Manuela Scavone, Maria Sileo, Antonio Loperte, Nicola Masini
Towards the creation of an Open Source HBIM tool for planning diagnostic and restoration activities: the example of the Troia Cathedral rose window

The aim of this work is to set up an HBIM (Heritage Building Information Model) system to facilitate the planning of diagnostic and restoration activities by bringing all archive information into a digital platform, accompanied by three-dimensional models that can be consulted and examined. Frequently, in case of ancient buildings, reconstruct the complete history of the property is not possible, due to a lack of accessible sources. The creation of the HBIM digital tool for consulting the architectural artefact and related information was only the last phase of this work, which began with: (i) Acquisition of archive sources in order to reconstruct the history of the restoration and renovation work on the monument; (ii) Acquisition of information about the diagnostic analyses previously carried out on the monument; (iii) acquisition of data useful for the creation of a digital twin.

Valentino Vitale, Nicodemo Abate, Antonio Minervino Amodio, Daniele Ferdani, Nicola Masini
LiDAR based investigation of subtle microtopographical proxy indicators: the case of Seluci Castle (Lauria, Basilicata)

The aim of this work is to investigate an abandoned medieval highland fortified site through LiDAR methodology. Much of the evidence that may have been preserved over time at sites of this type turns out to be untraceable for years through on-site survey activities. In the case of Seluci Castel (Lauria – PZ, Italy), the topography of the settlement, exclusively represented by the rectangular-plan tower located on the top of the mountain, was not clearly defined. The possibility of discerning the datum through LiDAR acquisition allowed to clarify and identify some of the fundamental elements that went to make up what can be considered not only a lookout and defense point such as Seluci Castle. Interpretation of the same data were helpful to further understanding of the site.

Davide Tanasi, David Cardona, S Hassam, K Kingsland, Paolino Trapani, Dario Calderone, Lara De Giorgi, Giovanni Leucci
Preliminary results from remote sensing surveying at the Abbattija tad-Dejr Catacombs (Rabat, Malta)

Multidisciplinary remote sensing surveying techniques were employed at the site of Abbatija tad- Dejr Catacombs in Rabat (Malta) as part of a collaborative research project of University of South Florida’s Institute for Digital Exploration (IDEx) and Heritage Malta aimed to map the complex for interpretation and conservation purposes and to assess the eventual presence of further hypogea in the areas surrounding the site. In this study, terrestrial laser scanning and hand-held digital photogrammetry were employed to map the entire complex in 3D and digitize specific architectural and artistic features found in the Catacomb I, in particular. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were used to verify the presence of hypogeal structures and tombs and the preliminary results have showed how the prospection has identified anomalies of possible relevant archaeological interest.

Salvatore Piro, Maurizio Porcu, Daniele Verrecchia
Ground remote sensing surveys to investigate mounds tombs from Etruscan period. The case of Monte Abatone necropolis (Cerveteri, Italy)

The Monte Abatone Project is based on the employment of different methodologies to reconstruct the limits of the necropolis and the location of all different tombs. In the period between 2018 - 2021, geophysical surveys have been carried out to investigate the unexplored portions of the ancient Necropolis. Ground Penetrating Radar and the Magnetometric methods have been systematically employed to investigate about twelve hectares of the necropolis. GPR systems equipped with a 400 MHz antenna, a dual frequency antenna with 300/800 MHz and the Kontur 3D-Radar Geoscope multichannel stepped frequency system were employed to survey the selected areas. All the GPR profiles were processed with the aim to obtain a 2D visualization (time-slices) of all reflections in the ground. The obtained results clearly show the presence of a network of strong circular or rectangular features, linked with the buried structural elements of the searched chamber or pit tombs.

Manuel Greco, Fabio Leccese, Sabino Giarnetti, Eduardo De Francesco
A Multiporpouse Amphibious Rover (MAR) as Platform in Archaeological Field

In recent years, the use of drones in the archaeological field has grown considerably. This growth comes from the possibility of using these Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for topographic surveys, detect the presence of buried archaeological remains and monitoring the conditions of buildings or monuments. The objective of the study will concern the description of MAR (Multipurpose Amphibious Rover) vehicle with the physical principle that regulates its functioning and the possible applications in the archaeological field.

Page 106 of 977 Results 1051 - 1060 of 9762