The word error rate (WER) in an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is the probability to receive a wrong code for an input, after correction is made for gain, offset, and nonlinearity errors, and a specified allowance is made for noise. Typical causes of word errors are metastability and timing jitter of comparators within the ADC.
The proposed paper is an evolution of previous work and focuses the attention to the word error rate estimation and to the Annex A of IEEE standard 1241. Other statistical techniques, which can better integrate what is sustained in the standard and in [2], have been proposed. In particular, Chi-square and F distributions have been introduced for a more accurate measurement of the word error rate in the case of n successive observations.

This paper addresses technical challenges unresolved in the calibration of angular vibration pickups. Primary and/or comparison calibration systems for angular vibration pickups can not be realised without the angular vibration exciter and the precision angular accelerometer suitable for the transfer standard. Recent attempts made to tackle these technical challenges and related achievements are introduced in this paper.
Several air-bearing supported angular exciters had been machined and tested to improve their background angular vibration levels and instability conditions due to pressurised air flow characteristics A gross level of 0.01 radian/s²-rms has been achieved. A new angular exciter whose rotational shaft the precision ball bearings support was designed and machined. This new model includes very improved performance characteristics, such as the reduction of size and mass, the extended frequency range, the efficiency of generated angular acceleration per unit current, much improvement of background vibration, and very low total harmonic distortion characteristics. Experimental results regarding those improved factors are presented in Section 2. The general features, including angular vibration-related, mechanical and electrical parameters, are summarised.
The first prototype angular accelerometer made by B&K has been used for the measurement of angular vibration in this work after it had been calibrated in KRISS, Recent measurement results of the sensitivity of the prototype angular accelerometer are presented in Section 3. The results are used to obtain the fitted model-based frequency response curve used for frequency compensation of measurements. Finally, test results, obtained to examine the transverse sensitivity characteristics, are presented. They reveal several technical issues that shall be resolved in the future.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the criterion which can predict trajectories during sit-to-stand (STS) movement. Three types of rising movements from the chair, i.e., upright, natural, and leaning-forward rising, were measured for five subjects. The trajectories of the center of mass (COM) predicted by the minimum torque-change model, rather than the minimum jerk model, resemble the measured movements in all rising patterns. The upright rising required greater extension torque of the knee and ankle joints at seat-off. The leaning-forward rising required greater extension hip torque than the natural and upright rising conditions. Natural rising movement might be a result of dynamic optimization.

The paper presents the implementation of the Advanced Encryption Algorithm (AES) in the measurement system, where the virtual instruments equipped with the multi-core processors are used. The encryption algorithm is first presented, then its modification to take advantage over the multi-core processor is described. Implementation of the latter in the virtual instrument working under the Real-Time (RT) mode is presented. Finally, test vectors are used to verify the validity of the modified algorithm and comparison between the traditional algorithm and the version using the parallel computations is performed.

The paper presents a procedure enabling to reveal and systematize the techniques of purposeful process realization by classifying verbally described concept reflecting this process per general/particular principle. The focus is made on "generic" methods revelation mechanism. The procedure is exemplified in the revealing general methods of quantities transformation: the process underlying many other processes including measurement, inspection, and control. The picture of the upper classification levels of general transformation methods is drawn up and can be further developed with reference to specific types of this process as well as to other relevant processes.