Multidisciplinary approach of conservation of the fistulae aquariae from the archaeological site of Baiae

Paola Fenelli, Alessandro De Rosa, Paola Cennamo, Giorgio Trojsi, Massimo Rippa, Enrico Gallocchio

Abstract

This study focuses on the diagnostic investigation and conservation of four fistulae aquariae from the submerged archaeological site of Baiae. A multi-analytical approach was adopted to guide restoration strategies. Digital microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and XRF analysis provided insights into material composition, protective coatings, and corrosion processes. IRT imaging identified structural anomalies, while DNA metabarcoding revealed microbial colonization by bacteria (e.g., Micrococcus, Citricoccus) and fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium). Based on these findings, a tailored conservation protocol was applied. Cleaning avoided the use of EDTA to prevent lead damage, employing instead ammonium carbonate poultices and cationic resin baths. Mechanical removal of encrustations was conducted where necessary. Aged Paraloid B72 coatings were removed from one artefact and reapplied uniformly across all using a 3% acetone solution. The approach emphasized stabilization over aesthetic restoration, preserving original surfaces and inscriptions. This case highlights the value of integrated diagnostics for informed, non-invasive conservation of marine archaeological metals.

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IMEKO-Metroarchaeo-2025-011.pdf

DOI

10.21014/tc26-2025.011

IMEKO TC

TC26 - Metrology for Cultural Heritage

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