Multi-Technique Characterization of Mortars from Gammarth Villa (Tunisia)

Manel Górriz i Villar, Mirco Ramacciotti, Iván Fumadó Ortega, Hamden Ben Romdhane, Ángel Morales-Rubio, Gianni Gallello

Abstract

This study presents the multi-technique characterization of lime mortars from the Villa of Gammarth, an archaeological site north of Carthage (Tunisia). Sixteen samples from wall renders, structural joints, and waterproof coatings were analyzed using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, portable X-ray fluorescence, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The analysis focused on major, minor, and trace elements, including Rare Earth Elements, and molecular signatures of the mortars. Results reveal different compositional groups based on chemical characteristics. Multivariate statistics applied to elemental data identified chemical clusters and outliers, suggesting different construction events or undocumented restorations. This integrated approach proves effective for interpreting construction technologies, raw material changes, and surface interventions, especially in sites with poor stratigraphic resolution. The Gammarth Villa case contributes valuable archaeometric data on ancient North African building practices.

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IMEKO-Metroarchaeo-2025-061.pdf

DOI

10.21014/tc26-2025.061

IMEKO TC

TC26 - Metrology for Cultural Heritage

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