Natalia Rovella, Gianfranco Ulian, Daniele Moro, Giovanni Valdrè
Recently, the studies on the possible applications of geopolymers as a sustainable alternative to the traditional concretes and consolidants increased considerably in many fields such as Cultural Heritage. The potentialities linked to their production concern the lower CO2 emissions, the possibility to reuse processing waste and the encouraging results in durability, chemical stability, and mechanical resistance. In this work, an industrial silt, a waste product of quarry rocks washing, was recycled in the synthesis of a series of Na-polysialate (siloxo) geopolymer concretes. The mechanisms...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2022.097
· Download
Martina Bernabale, Flavio Cognigni, Lorenzo Nigro, Marco Rossi, Caterina De Vito
In this paper, an overview of corrosion processes on iron-based artifacts from Motya (western Sicily, Italy) is proposed. A review of the research contributions is given concerning two main topics: (i) the study of the interaction between iron weapons and the lagoon-like environment of Motya by means of spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. The results are compared with those obtained from the study of armors found in the Punic Necropolis of Lilybaeum (4th century BC, Sicily), which permit to define different corrosion models; (ii) the characterization of corrosion of iron nail (IV century...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2022.096
· Download
Andrea Aquino, Stefano Pagnotta, Marco Lezzerini
The Panchina stone of Volterra, like that of Livorno, has been, since Etruscan and Roman times, a typical building material widely used in centralsouthern Tuscany. Here, Panchina stone varies in colour from reddish white to yellowish to cerulean, and the grain varies from fine to medium-coarse, depending on the extraction area. In this study, part of a broader study on building stones and their properties, we focus on the chemical-mineralogical and petrophysical characterization of the Volterra Panchina stone and its response to thermal stress. After the artificial ageing treatment by...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2022.095
· Download
Gloria Zaccariello, Elena Tesser, Rebecca Piovesan, Giulia Gasperuzzo, Riccardo Simionato, Fabrizio Antonelli
The overflowing of the canals and the flooding of the pedestrian walkways are the consequences of the well-known periodic large water inflow into the Venetian lagoon (high water or acqua alta). These phenomena lead the strong degradation of the stone buildings over time. With the aim to better understand the effects of high water and support the best actions and practices for preserving the cultural heritage of Venice by Municipality and Superintendences, thirty samples of five varieties of carbonate lithotypes were exposed to natural weathering in different Venetian areas and on Torcello...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2022.094
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Giuseppe Alì, Francesco Demarco, Pierpaolo Antonio Fusaro, Carmelo Scuro
A numerical method for damage identification in brittle materials is presented. The method is based on the time of arrival of the elastic wave, generated by the damage formation, to a group of sensors positioned on the boundary of a material sample. The equations of motion for the elastic waves are the starting point, including a body force term which accounts for the sudden formation of a crack. Then a discretization scheme for the 2D equations of elasticity is developed, which allows to obtained a suitable numerical model. Some numerical experiments are performed, to assess the validity of...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2022.093
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Giancarlo Bilotti, Domenico Bruno, Renato S. Olivito
Masonry constructions have received great attention from many researchers both from a theoretical and a practical point of view. This owing to the complex behaviour of the masonry material and the structural modelling problem of real constructions. Furthermore, this type of construction represents most historical and monumental constructions in the world, in terms of historical buildings, masonry arch bridges and monuments. However, these constructions are deteriorating over time after being subjected to a prolonged exposure to unfavourable environmental conditions. It therefore becomes...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2022.092
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Luciano Ombres, Pietro Mazzuca, Marielda Guglielmi
Over the last two decades, fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) materials started to be used as a strengthening system in a wide variety of structural applications, especially where their firerelated advantages may offer an alternative to traditional composite materials (e.g. FRP materials). However, there is a major gap in the knowledge of FRCM composites: the lack of information about their mechanical response at elevated temperature. The main objective of this paper is to provide further insights about the influence of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of a...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2022.091
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Peixuan Wang, Gabriele Milani, Carmelo Scuro
A new distinct element DEM limit analysis approach is presented and applied to the seismic vulnerability evaluation of an ancient masonry pagoda in China. The numerical model relies on the assemblage of infinitely resistant hexahedral elements and rigid plastic four-nodded interfaces, where all the internal dissipation lumps, constraining cracks to spread between adjoining elements. So, it is neither an upper bound nor a lower bound, but rather a DEM limit analysis. A masonry pagoda, Huqiu pagoda located in China, was selected as a case study to benchmark the model under the application of a...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2022.090
· Download
Domenico Camassa, Anna Castellano, Mariateresa Chiapperino, Aguinaldo Fraddosio, Mario Daniele Piccioni
Our work addresses the capability of the radar interferometry technique to identify the dynamic behavior of an historical masonry lighthouse. To achieve this goal, we have performed a campaign of ambient vibration tests for characterizing the dynamic properties of the San Cataldo's lighthouse located in Bari using ground-based radar interferometry. Moreover, the experimental results were used to calibrate a numerical approach for the assessment of structural damage. Indeed, by analyzing five different damage scenarios, the ability of the radar interferometry technique to identify each damage...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2022.089
· Download
Rosario Morello, Andrea M. Gennaro, Laura Fabbiano
In this paper the authors propose an innovative technique to evaluate the integrity state of archaeological discoveries by using thermography. The proposed approach is based on the concept of emissivity. The case study is a marble bust of a woman that dates back to ancient Rome. The emissivity of the bust material has been evaluated by using a standardized procedure. To assess the integrity state of the sculpture, the environment temperature has been kept under control to allow the bust to reach thermal equilibrium. By evaluating pixel by pixel, the temperature deviation around the known...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2022.088
· Download