Martina Marzano, Yaowaret Pimsut, Mattias Kruskopf, Yefei Yin, Marco Kraus, Massimo Ortolano, Stephan Bauer, Ralf Behr, Luca Callegaro
In the International System of Units, the impedance units can be realized from the quantum Hall effect, a macroscopic quantum phenomenon producing quantized resistance values. Established experiments employ individual GaAs devices, but novel materials such as graphene can be exploited to realize the units with relaxed experimental conditions. Furthermore, simple traceability chains can be implemented with novel digital impedance bridges. By combining novel digital impedance bridges and graphene quantum standards, an easy-to-operate and affordable impedance standard has been developed in the...
TC4 Symposium 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-2022.44
· Download
Martina Marzano, Pier Paolo Capra, Cristina Cassiago, Vincenzo D’Elia, Enrico Gasparotto, Luca Callegaro
Direct-current comparator bridges (DCC) are the working horse of primary resistance metrology in the intermediate resistance range. Having a ratio accuracy reaching 10−7 or better, they allow the realisation of resistance scales and the calibration of artifact standard resistors for customers. In this paper we compare the performances of three commercial DCC bridges, by performing measurements on decadal resistors (1 to 10 k) of very high stability in a thermostated environment. The results show that the three bridges give mutually compatible results within the manufacturer specifications,...
TC4 Symposium 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-2022.43
· Download
Stanislav Mašlán, Hans He, Tobias Bergsten, Steffen Seitz, Tom Patrick Heins
The paper reports an interlaboratory comparison of low impedance measurements at frequencies relevant for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of commercial lithium-ion cells. The comparisons cover an impedance range from 50 μΩ to 100mΩ across the full complex plane in a frequency range 0.01 Hz up to 5 kHz. A first comparison covered calibration of low impedance standards by reference digital sampling impedance setups in 4-terminal and 4 terminal-pair connections. A second comparison used commercial 4-terminal EIS meters to measure the low impedance standards characterised in the...
TC4 Symposium 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-2022.42
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Eduard Lunca, Silviu Vornicu, Alexandru Salceanu
In this study we present a 2D finite element model for computing magnetic fields generated by underground power cables with two-point bonded shields. The model is developed in ANSYS Maxwell 2D low-frequency electromagnetic field simulation software for a typical 12/20 kV three-phase underground power cable system in flat formation, but it can be adapted to any line. The model validation is achieved by analytical computations conducted with a software tool based on the Biot-Savart law and superposition principle. RMS magnetic flux density profiles calculated at various heights above the...
TC4 Symposium 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-2022.41
· Download
Jozef Kromka, Ondrej Kovac, Jan Saliga, Linus Michaeli
This paper introduces a novel Multiwaveletbased hybrid method of Compressed sensing (CS). A case study of CS and reconstruction of Electro Cardio Diagram (ECG) signals with the presented method was performed. For ECG signals the proposed method does not require a wave position detector and can reconstruct the signal with minimal DC offset error. The method is completely patient-agnostic and does not require prior patient-specific information as well. The proposed method was evaluated using the MIT-BIT database. The obtained results show a good reconstruction quality while keeping a high...
TC4 Symposium 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-2022.40
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Alessandra Galli, Giada Giorgi, Claudio Narduzzi
Wearable cardiac monitors can usefully contribute to early detection of potential cardiovascular pathologies, however ECG trace data streaming over wireless links creates some significant challenges. We propose a signal analysis approach based on a Gaussian dictionary to model and compress ECG traces. The algorithm operates on fixed-length segments, and achieves effective compression for wireless data transmission, associating just 10 bytes to each Gaussian feature. At the same time it enables accurate reconstruction of ECG traces from the reduced data set. We tested our method on a set of...
TC4 Symposium 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-2022.39
· Download
Marius-Vasile Ursachianu, Catalin Lazarescu, Ovidiu Bejenaru, Alexandru Salceanu
The paper presents a pilot study over human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMFs) levels generated by the 5G cellular base stations installed in different residential district in city of Iasi, Romania.Also, a comparison with different EMFs levels generated by different mobile phonetechnologies, from our national operators, have been done. Measurement of electromagnetic field levels (instantaneous exposure) expressed in terms of power density levels has been performed in city of Iasi, fom March to November 2021, in nine locations with a high density of cellular base...
TC4 Symposium 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-2022.38
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Mauro D’Arco, Martina Guerritore, Annarita Tedesco
The digital revolution that characterizes the beginning of the 4.0 Era has already prompted out a variety of smart living technologies, which rely on the pervasive connectivity granted by the Internet of Things. These technologies are having a relevant impact on health systems, working and domestic environments, sports and rehabilitation, by enabling new promising practices for human body kinematic studies. This paper provides a specific discussion on how kinematic studies in clinical diagnosis, rehabilitation and sport, take benefit from the use of the recent smart living technologies. More...
TC4 Symposium 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-2022.37
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Marcelo M Costa
This paper presents metrological evaluation of bidirectional electricity meters, comparing its performance when measuring electrical energy in direct and reverse power flows. Evaluation results shown that the difference between measuring results in both directions is not significant compared to the measurement uncertainty and to the maximum permissible errors. In this evaluation, four IEC 0,2S and 0,5S accuracy classes electricity meters were tested.
TC4 Symposium 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-2022.36
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Giovanni Artale, Giuseppe Caravello, Antonio Cataliotti, Valentina Cosentino, Vito Ditta, Dario Di Cara, Nicola Panzavecchia, Giovanni Tinè, Nunzio Dipaola, Marilena G. Sambataro
The objective of this article is an analysis of measurement issues related to the implementation ofdigital signal processing techniques for harmonic analysis, by means of FFT algorithm with different interpolation algorithms (linear, quadratic and cubic) and different sampling rates. A comparative analysis is made on errors on harmonics measurement obtained in the various case study analyses. Such errors are compared with the IEC 61000-4-7 limits. The study is supported by both simulation and experimental tests; these last are performed with different acquisition boards for signals...
TC4 Symposium 2022
· TC4
· 2022
· 10.21014/tc4-2022.35
· Download