Andrea Sosso, Paolo Durandetto, Matteo Fretto, Vincenzo Lacquaniti
Primary electrical Metrology is among the first and, to date, one of the most active and successful research field for superconducting devices. Voltage standards based on the Josephson effect are in use since few years after it discovery and have enormously reduced the uncertainty of DC voltage calibrations. INRIM the Italian National Metrology Institute has a long tradition in research on the application of superconductivity to electrical standards. This paper is an overview of main results and ongoing activities.
TC4 Symposium 2014
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· 2014
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Francesco Barra, Marco Balato, Luigi Costanzo, Daniele Gallo, Carmine Landi, Mario Luiso, Massimo Vitelli
A photovoltaic (PV) emulator is an electronic device which allows, without using real PV modules, to reproduce the current vs. voltage characteristics of PV sources in the desired operating conditions as concerns the values of the irradiance and of the temperature. This is very useful since it is possible to evaluate the performances of the electronic DC/DC or DC/AC converters adopted in PV systems, under perfectly replicable operating conditions. Moreover, it is possible to fairly compare advantages and drawbacks of different MPPT algorithms under perfectly controlled stationary or dynamic...
TC4 Symposium 2014
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Alberto Reatti, Lorenzo Ciani, Marian K. Kazimierczuk,
A practical demonstration of a monitoring system for PV/T concentrating system is presented in this paper. The solar module under test is a PV/T double axis concentrating system using a primary spherical reflector and a secondary parabolic reflector. The overall system can provide both electrical and thermal energy. The concentrating system and the monitoring system have been developed under the European Community grant of UPPSol (Urban Photovoltaics: Polygeneration with Solar Energy). The presented monitoring system, based on a main central processor, is able to monitor both electrical and...
TC4 Symposium 2014
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Christian Schuss, Toni Kotikumpu, Bernd Eichberger, Timo Rahkonen
This paper discusses the influences of dynamic environmental conditions on the output performances of photovoltaics. Commonly, photovoltaic (PV) modules are installed on the roofs of houses, onto which shading is caused by clouds and surrounding objects such as trees and other buildings. These ambient conditions can be referred as static environmental conditions. We also elaborate on the differences in the rate of change in the solar radiation level if PV modules are mounted onto the top of battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). We present a comparison...
TC4 Symposium 2014
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Massimiliano Bestetti, Giancarlo Bernasconi, Sergio Brofferio, Loredana Cristaldi
One of the elements opposed to an increasingly widespread dissemination of photovoltaic systems on residential and public building , is represented by the architectural constraints often imposed on buildings of historical interest or located in neighborhoods where there are strict planning rules. In order to obtain PV systems that meet so severe constraints of integration, it is necessary to rethink the technologies currently used to produce traditional panels; a good compromise between the performance of the panels and the need of a colouring effect as close as possible to the typical red...
TC4 Symposium 2014
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Silvano Vergura
Sometimes many PhotoVoltaic (PV) plants have to be monitored by an unique supervision centre. In these cases the real-time analysis of the whole population of data by means of statistical approach requires long time and it is not always possible. After an introduction on Big Data and statistical approaches, the paper presents a procedure of analysis based on sampled data and on the whole population, only for inefficient PV plants. The paper proposes a resampling method, so-called bootstrap, able to approximately describe the sampling distribution. Its peculiarity consists in taking...
TC4 Symposium 2014
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Salvatore Caldara, Rosario Miceli, Pietro Romano, Ciro Spataro, Fabio Viola
The paper deals with low-frequency magnetic field measurements carried out by using a broadband and isotropic instrument. These measurements are characterized by very high uncertainty values, which imply a high risk of wrong decisions when there is the need to establish if a site complies or does not comply with specified emission limits. To reduce this risk, we decided to perform the so called “uncertainty management” that is the discipline of optimizing the cost of a measurement versus the uncertainty target. The task is achieved by using the PUMA method that is an iterative technique...
TC4 Symposium 2014
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Irwin A. Diaz-Diaz, Ilse Cervantes
In order to raise awareness about energy waste, an energy monitoring system able to be used either in residential or commercial applications is proposed in this paper. The acquisition system is based on Arduino Due (ArD), X-Bee and free software. The system has been designed considering low-power consumption and low-component count while meeting international standards. The prototype is constituted by a signal conditioning circuit capable to conditioning up to 8 channels (4 for voltage and 4 for current) and an Arduino Due capable to acquire 8 channels simultaneously. The prototype was...
TC4 Symposium 2014
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Jacopo Bongiorno, Andrea Mariscotti
The preliminary activity of validation of an integrated electromagnetic railway simulator is presented, with particular attention to the verification of the experimental data used as a validation reference and to the quantification of the model quality. Visual comparison between simulated and experimental results is not quantitative, is subjective, but captures features that deserve to be adequately quantified for the validation process to be repeatable and objective.
TC4 Symposium 2014
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Adam Szeląg, Tadeusz Maciołek, Marek Patoka
The conducted study case, which is presented in the paper, created a basis for identification of the causes for occurrence of voltage distortions and development of proposals solution assuring voltage of appropriate quality parameters, which enabled supplying sensitive loads from the same 15 kV grid as traction substations. With regard to noticeable disturbances in a 15 kV network, observed at non-traction loads and devices of a 3 kV DC traction substation (especially smoothing filters and signalling and control traffic equipment), it was required to perform a set of measurements of voltage...
TC4 Symposium 2014
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