This system already has Japanese Patent Application 2000-159699 using the blue light absorption and JPA2001-393262 using the thermal impedance for the chloride film detection in the garbage. We, human being have the three big ecological problems. The first is the nuclear waste in the northern part of the Japan Sea, the second is the irregular weather that will be less oxygen caused by carbon fuels and the third is Dioxins caused by the incineration of the chloride film and garbage. The first and the second will be solved by the investment and stopping cars. The third is required for...
Numerical simulations (using finite volume method) of the flow of a viscous fluid through a measuring tube were performed to identify the effects of different inlet-flow conditions on the performance of a straight, slendertube, Coriolis flowmeter. The magnitudes of the antisymmetric fluid forces and the twisting moments acting on the measuring tube were compared with results from a onedimensional fluid-flow model. Simulations were made for some hypothetical inlet-velocity profiles that represent extreme cases of various flowmeters’ installation positions and flow regimes in a pipeline. No...
Where volume flow rates in ventilation applications are to be measured common practise is to integrate the velocity profile over the entire cross-section. One of the instruments used to carry out the flow velocity traverse is the Pitot-static tube. The paper examines, on an experimental basis, whether the readings of both total and static pressure by a Pitot-static tube could not validly be carried out by a combination of a Pitot tube that measures the total pressure and tappings at the wall of the duct where the static pressure is picked up. The advantage becomes particularly interesting...
In this paper a cost-effective method for measuring transportation velocity and the velocity profile of a material flow of powdery solids inside a pipe is presented. For the measurement, artificial perturbations are brought into the mass flow and the effects of these perturbations are acquired and correlated at measurement sections. The velocity profile is calculated with the knowledge of the perturbation’s rheological decomposition and the sensitivity distribution of the measurement configuration.
Measurements of flow velocity with cross correlation functions of ultrasonic signals show that the travelling time of structures determined by the peak of the functions deviates from the average flow velocity. This difference usually is explained by the difference between line integral of measurement and area integral of the average flow velocity. A comparison of the frequency distribution of single velocity components in the fluid determined by particle image velocimetry with the cross correlation measuring method shows that the most frequent components in the fluid are in accordance with...
In the past in vortex-shedding flow meters pressure sensors in combination with big bluff bodies have been used. In the last few years the dimension of bluff bodies were reduced using ultrasound sensors due to higher sensibility. The frequency of periodically generated vortices are directly connected to the flow velocity. The signals are modulated in amplitude as well as in phase. The information are in the sidebands of the ultrasonic signal. Different carrier frequencies in combination with different dimensions of bluff bodies are examined.
The paper presents the quality control and quality assurance problems during manufacturing. The main components of the proposed system are: automated manufacturing process control and monitoring of multimeasurements block process.
In this paper is presented an original approach to the definition of the metrological characteristics of the measurement systems used in process index monitoring. The model proposed allows the evaluation of the probability that the process under statistical control shows a different behaviour from that inferred by the measured data, relating to the input conditions. The proposed model is developed in general hypothesis on the statistic characteristics of the process index monitoring and a typical application cases is presented.
Weights are frequently used in combinations. In most cases it is assumed that weights of the same set have large covariances. The safest approach is to assume that the correlation coefficient is equal to one. However, this may lead to an overestimation of the combined uncertainty. A model can be constructed, based on the calibration/verification method suggested by the OIML (Organisation Internationale de Métrologie Légale), to avoid the unnecessary overestimation of the combined uncertainty. The model suggests that the uncertainty of combinations of weights with the same nominal value can...
Linear Regression Analysis (LRA) is a technique commonly applied in many different branches of science. The present study investigates the use of LRA in Metrology and aims to develop a mathematical approach to adequately take into account its contribution for the uncertainty budget in a measurement. In a calibration involving many standards and measuring instruments, the LRA technique is an important tool for the estimation of conventional true values based on certificate results. This statistical treatment usually intends to reduce the errors measured in the calibration process in order to...