D. V. Silva, M. J. Sampaio, C. Milagres, V. Alves, F. Ferreira
Due to greater awareness of the rationalization of water resources, Águas do Norte SA has a need to implement new methodologies to control water losses in order to improve the efficiency of their systems. The Instrumentation&Automation team has developed some procedures, whose objective is to characterize the performance of the various flow meters, trying to reduce one of the components that define the apparent losses in water balance: measurement errors. The present study has as scope the development of a work tool able to anticipate problems of measurement and equipment operation, in a...
Jia Ren, Jiqin Duan, Yang Dong
A new 3-ton electromagnetic balance system was designed and built up for a high level mass-time primary standard of natural gas up to 60bar in CVB. The system is composed of a 3-ton electromagnetic balance, two tanks with thermal isolation, two platforms, two roller guide rails and two big weights which are used for special test. To achieve a lower uncertainty and the security application in natural gas measurement, several special methods were used in the system. Firstly, the tanks and platforms can be moved together steadily on the roller guide rail to be connected with pipeline system or...
N. Takegawa, M. Ishibashi, T. Morioka
CFVNs (Critical Flow Venturi Nozzles) are widely used as transfer standards and can realize the accurate measurement of the flow rate. However, previous research has reported that the pressure recovery effect of the diffuser deceases significantly in some CFVNs, and it has been called PUP (Premature Unchoking Phenomenon). In this study, we conducted experiments and investigated the CBPR (Critical Back Pressure Ratio) of the CFVNs. Additionally, in order to solve the PUP, we focused on the step in the diffuser and verified the its effect. As a result, although a backward facing step (causing...
G. Vindišar, D. Škrbić, B. Simšič
High level of public and legal interest concerning fuel dispensers’ measurements accuracy is always present. Surveillance of dispensers prior to 2013 reported undesired high error values. To limit possibilities of systematic favoring of single parties Slovenian national regulative was adapted. In year 2013 value of maximum permissible error at periodic verifications for higher flow rates of fuel dispensers was reduced. After one verification period passed Surveillance service of Metrology Institute of the Republic of Slovenia (MIRS) performed a surveillance of fuel dispensers seeking...
Chao Yuan, Georgios Dimitrakis, Buddhika Hewakandamby
A microwave resonant cavity was used for the determination of water volume fraction in oil-water upward flow, the frequency shift and changes in the quality factor of the cavity resonator were the vital parameters. During the experiments, the flow rates of silicon oil were 75, 100 and 125 L/min and the water volume fraction ranged from 0 to 20.1%. The relative error between the predicted and measured water volume fraction of oil-water upward flow ranged from -3.9% to 4.32% and -2.58% to 4.44% for the TM010 and TM110 modes.
Shinichi Nakao, Hiroshi Asano, Takeshi Yakuwa
The strange behaviors of the discharge coefficient of the critical nozzle were found when gradually changing the back pressure ratio (Pd/Pu) from the almost zero to the critical back pressure ratio in the nozzle to nozzle test method. When the test gas is Helium, the change amount of the discharge coefficients at these strange behaviors is quite large and seems significantly to influence to flow measurements. The causes of the strange behaviors are different in the ranges of Pd/Pu 0.1, and in either case are considered to be due to the measurement principle of the nozzle to nozzle test...
W. Maru, S. Lakshmanan, N. Singh, A. Thomas
In the Oil & Gas industry, the ownership or custody transfer (CT) of crude oil is measured using Flow Metering and Sampling. Flow Metering quantifies the total amount fluid while Sampling quantifies the fluid composition – for example, the water fraction and other compounds thereby correcting the Flow Metering for its Oil-Cut. Any small inaccuracies in sampling may result in the sale or purchase of expensive water – resulting in significant financial exposure, incorrect government taxations and consequently affecting our weekly shopping too. Worse still, the absence of periodic sampling and...
Ying-Chun Lin, Win-Ti Lin, Chun-Lin Chiang,
This paper presents the establishment and verification of a mercury-sealed piston prover, which is commonly used for low pressure gas flow calibration. The calibration gases could be dry air, nitrogen, argon, helium, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The flow capacity of the new system covers from 0.002 L/min to 40 L/min at 23 °C and 101.325 kPa, and some overlapped flows are between various columns. The relative expanded uncertainty of mass flow measurement is less than 0.08 % at 95 % confidence level. We were also successfully altering the temperature sensor construction, temperature sensor...
E. Batista, A. Furtado, J. Pereira, M. Ferreira, H. Bissig, E. Graham, A. Niemann, A. Timmerman, J. Alves e Sousa
This document presents the scientific and technical objectives, state of the art and expected progress beyond it, and most importantly the expected impact on metrology, science, standards, and society of the new joint research project - MeDD II, Metrology for drug delivery (follow up of project MeDD I). It was selected for funding through the EURAMET EMPIR program of the European Commission and the participating countries. The project starts in June 2019 and will last for three years. It involves 15 partners from National and Designated Metrology Institutes, companies, and academia. The main...
G. Kok, D. van Putten, L. Zakharov
Multiphase flow meters are measurement instruments that simultaneously measure the flow rates of oil, natural gas and water flowing through a pipe line. Their traceability and the comparability of test results stemming from different multiphase test facilities is much less well established than that of single phase flow meters and single phase calibration facilities. In the (first) EMRP MultiFlowMet project an intercomparison for multiphase test facilities was organised to investigate the comparability of multiphase flow test facilities. Three facilities participated: NEL, DNV GL and...