M. Faifer, S. Goidanich, C. Laurano, C. Petiti, S. Toscani, M. Zanoni
The monitoring of environmental corrosivity towards cultural heritage is key task for both active and preventive conservation. In case of metallic artworks, this task can be performed by means of coupons or sensors realized with the same materials of the artworks to be conserved. In this work, a measurement system for the development and testing of sensor for atmospheric corrosivity monitoring is presented. The metrological features of the measurement system are analyzed aimed to the optimal analysis of a developed corrosion sensor. A sensor is also proposed. It permits to consider also the...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2019
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Lins, S.A.B., Di Francia, E., Grassini, S., Gigante, G.E., Ridolfi, S.
In this study, an innovative portable macro X-Ray Fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanner prototype has been employed in order to gain information on composition and distribution of corrosion products artificially grown on Cu-based coupons. First results have shown the importance of using artificially corroded reference samples before any assessment on archaeological artefacts. Moreover, the prototype used demonstrated to be a powerful tool for understanding complex corrosion processes which might occur on Cubased alloys. The scanner was able to detect light elements as S and Cl, essential for...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2019
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Tilde de Caro, Leila Es Sebar, Emma Angelini
A large number of bronze artefacts have been found during archaeological excavations carried out at Tharros (Sardinia, Italy). The composition of corrosion products have been determined by the combined use of optical microscopy (OM), micro- Raman spectroscopy (μ-Raman), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). In particular, we will use μ-Raman spectroscopy to identify the corrosion products of natural patinas. This technique is equivalent or sometimes more efficient than microscopic and diffraction techniques to identify archaeological corrosion...
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Veronica Pazzi, Lorenzo Ciani, Luca Cappuccini, Mattia Ceccatelli, Gabriele Patrizi, Giulia Guidi, Nicola Casagli, Marcantonio Catelani
Among the princely tumuli near Vetulonia (Tuscany, Italy) the one of Poggio Pepe has never thoroughly been investigated. A joint project among three different departments of the University of Florence, lead to a new investigation campaign on this tumulus. The main goals are to verify the conservation structures state and to identify the tomb ancient access by means of geophysical methods. Moreover, this project aims to evaluate the influence on the geophysical acquired data of the error in collecting the geographical coordinates of the surface acquisition points. Optimizing the input data,...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2019
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Anna M. Gueli, Stefania Pasquale, Giuseppe Politi, Giuseppe Stella, Carlo Trigona
Sampling represents an important phase of the procedure to perform authenticity test by thermoluminescence. The test could be compromised if this step is not properly carried out. In particular, if the local heating of the area subjected to the sampling by drilling reaches high temperatures, the signal results underestimated. In order to evaluate the increasing temperature during the sample collection in authenticity test, in this paper we propose a procedure useful for temperature in situ measurements using an indirect method. This method allows estimating the temperature dissipated during...
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Z. Vangelatos, M. Delagrammatikas, O. Papadopoulou, P. Vassiliou
Computational modelling is employed to investigate the mechanical behaviour and failure scenarios of the Marble block - Steel clamp ancient masonry system utilized on the Athens Acropolis monuments, under static loading and modal analysis. The input data for the model are acquired by laboratory testing results such as tensile strength measurements and metallography, as well as bibliographic sources from various scientific fields (i.e. materials properties, archaeometry, restoration, structural engineering and geology). The effects of corrosion to the mechanical behaviour of the clamps are...
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Javier Pinto, Carlos Sanz-Minguez, A. Carmelo Prieto
Archaeological works in the necropolis associated to the Vaccaei city-state of Pintia (Valladolid, Spain) have revealed a particularity of this culture (S. IV-I BC). A large set of bituminous objects have been found in enclosed funerary sets well contextualized. This material was first identified shaping spheres related to the Vaccaei burial rituals, a characteristic without archaeological precedents in the Iberian Peninsula. However, recent findings demonstrate a wider use of bitumen in the Vaccaei culture, being employed in the sealing of graves, as well as to fabricate daily life...
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Principe Claudia, Giordano Daniele, La Felice Sonia, Giovannetti Giulio, Devidze Marina
Information related to the evolution of geomagnetic field in space and time are recorded in the rocks and are the subject of archaeomagnetic studies. These studies allowed us to better understanding the geomagnetic field evolution as well as to improve our comprehension of several geological aspects of the historic evolution of the Earth and human history. Here, based on the description of the functioning principia and models of past and presently used magnetometers we provide, based on our past experience, some suggestions to improve accuracy of archaeomagnetic measurements on fired...
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Michela Albano, Giacomo Fiocco, Claudia Invernizzi, Maurizio Licchelli, Marco Malagodi, Raffaella Marotti, Curzio Merlo, Tommaso Rovetta, Daniela Comelli
Over the recent decades, the identification of scientific instruments as cultural heritage has drawn attention to their preservation, and today a lack of knowledge about this topic is drastically evident. Varnishes used during the 18th century in Europe and applied as a protective layer on brass components were known as imitation of Chinese lacquer coming from the oriental tradition. These varnishes were well considered for aesthetic and mechanical properties at the time which the manufacturing reached its apogee, and today they still protect the surface of a great number of historical...
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Luisa Spairani
The measure of distances is a recurring theme in astrophysics. The interpretation of the light coming from a luminous object in the sky can be very different depending on the distance of the object. Two stars or galaxies may have a different real brightness, although they may look similar. The correct measures came by women computers a century ago. Special mention to Williamina Fleming who supervised an observatory for 30 years working on the first system to classify stars by spectrum. Antonia Maury helped locate the first double star and developed her classification system. Henrietta...
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