Ruo-xuan LIU, Ming-zheng ZHU, Yu-ming SHEN
Focusing on a 36 m³ horizontal pVTt standard container, the intake process and homogeneous process of the gas in the container were numerically simulated in constant wall temperature and constant velocity as the inlet boundary condition. A new algorithm for calculating the average temperature in the standard pVTt container was proposed, whose name was mass temperature average. The simulation results showed that in the natural convection process after gas intake, the average mass temperature T of the gas in the container slowly decreased with time in parabolic shape and tended to wall...
I. Care, F. Fourneaux
Pitot tubes are commonly used to measure gas flow in ducts. The integration of the velocity profile which allows the calculation of the gas flow is described in several international standards such as ISO 3966 or ISO 10780. The common working principle of Pitot tubes is based on the measurement of the differential pressure between the two different pressure taps. The gas velocity is related to this differential pressure through a flow coefficient depending on the Pitot tube type. In case of stable flow, in a pressurised duct, fluctuations of the in-line pressure, even low, can occur. If the...
E. Thibert, S. Blairon, D. Boldo, E. Nanteau, J. Veau
Since 1997, EDF Research and Development Division has been carrying out liquid flow metering studies on the EVEREST experimental loop at EDF Lab Chatou (France). In the last twenty years, industrial flow meters designs have been continuously improved by manufacturers. In the same time, the need for industrial flow measuring instruments with a high accuracy has tremendously increased due to the required economic costeffectiveness in the energy sector. Flow meters metrological assessment tests consequently need to be upgraded in order to remain relevant. In 2016, EDF R&D has then initiated a...
Chi Wang, Chunhui Li, Ming Xu, Wencan Yan
The first high pressure close loop gas flow facility in China was built in NIM at the end of 2014. The 4 sets of Dn 100 turbine meters were used as the reference meters in the facility. The flow range is within (40~1300) m³/h, while the pressure range is within the (190~2500) kPa. The turbine meter is a kind of velocity type flow meter, which is easily affected by installation. To avoid the installation effect, the reference meters were designed to be calibrated in “original position” without dismounted. To decrease the pressure measurement uncertainty, there is an absolute pressure...
Chunhui Li, Bodo Mickan, Lishui Cui, Chi Wang
The high pressure sonic nozzle gas flow facility in China was built in NIM at the end of 2014. There were 16 sonic nozzles used as the reference meters in the facility. The flow range is within (2~400) m³/h, while the pressure range is within the (190~2500) kPa. The sonic nozzles were traceable to the pVTt primary standard facility in NIM. To cover the pressure range, the curve fitting between discharge coefficient and Reynolds number was made for each sonic nozzle. To decrease pressure measurement uncertainty, there is an absolute pressure instrument in the manifold in the upstream of the...
Chunhui Li, Bodo Mickan, Shan Gao
With the development in the field of biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and so on, the requirement on the accuracy of small gas flow measurement is dramatically increased, which results in the increasing requirement on the accuracy of small gas flow facility. In NIM, the 100L pVTt facility was developed for small gas flow rate, which was built in 2010. But, the leakage and the big mass change in the inventory volume showed significant impact on the accuracy of the facility, especially for small gas flow rate, which was solved at the end of 2017. The uncertainty of the discharge...
J. Hollingsworth, D. Morett
The rapid growth in unconventional gas production has brought with it increased demand for a method of measuring flow rates of both gas and liquid at the wellhead that is more cost effective and reliable than traditional methods (i.e. separator or compensated differential pressure), while remaining reasonably accurate. This paper describes research efforts to determine to what degree a single Coriolis meter is capable of measuring gas and liquid flow rates in wet gas processes, without compositional fluid analysis or other inputs beyond readily available process measurements. This research...
M J Reader-Harris, J Barnett, K Mistry
An 8” (200 mm) nominal diameter orifice plate assembly with a nominal diameter ratio, β, of 0.4 was tested in gaseous phase carbon dioxide (CO2). The assembly had been calibrated in water using the TUV SUD NEL water flow test facilities at East Kilbride in Scotland. The orifice plate assembly incorporated flange tappings, with additional downstream tappings used for measurement of pressure loss ratio. The test loop was filled with nitrogen, evacuated and then filled with CO2 up to a pressure of 20 barg giving an estimated composition of 99.6% CO2 by mol. Testing was carried out at 20 barg...
A. Stetsenko, V. Naumenko
Due to the predicted exhaustion of oil and natural gas resources by the end of this century, all industrialized countries are taking steps to find alternatives for hydrocarbon fuels. Nuclear energy is expected to be the main source of electricity production by the end of the XXI century. Electricity, however, has some disadvantages related to storage and losses in case of long-distance transmission. Among other sources of energy, the use of which can be possible in the nearest future, hydrogen is the most promising one. The advantages of using hydrogen as a fuel can be summarized as follows:...
H. M. Moțit
It is presented a worldwide new flow measuement method and the configurations of the first types of „reaction flowmeters” (both without and with moving parts) achieved thereof, both elaborated by the author. Also a global analysis of the functional equations and of the experimental and theoretical calibration of the reaction flowmeters without moving parts it is provided.