Andrea Aquino, Elena Pecchioni, Fabio Fratini, Emma Cantisani, Sonia La Felice, Tsegaye Abebe, Claudia Principe, Marco Lezzerini
The carbonate rocks outcropping in the area south of Florence can be useful for the production of binding materials. The aim of this paper is to characterize the rocks to be used for the production of cement and limes in the area south of Florence by means of chemical, mineralogical and petrographic studies and by defining their main physical properties. In particular, this study analyses rock samples from different outcroppings around the south of the province of Florence in the Greve in Chianti - Passo dei Pecorai area. Based on the collected data the rock samples coming from the Greve in...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2019
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Bonomo A. E., Rizzo G., Prosser G
Sassi di Matera represent one of the best preserved rupestrian settlements and the oldest town in the world. It is UNESCO site since 1992 thanks to its cultural history and its harmonious development within its ecosystem. Sassi are completely built with a soft granular limestone, the Pleistocene Calcarenite di Gravina Formation, characterised by good workability. The stone, however, can be an extremely heterogeneous building material depending on the composition of the particles and their characteristics. Six lithofacies corresponding to sub-typologies of building stones have been...
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Sara Calandra, Serena Barone, Emma Cantisani, Mariaelena Fedi, Carlo Alberto Garzonio, Lucia Liccioli, Barbara Salvadori, Teresa Salvatici, Paola Ricci
A complete characterization of mortars of Giotto s Bell Tower (Florence) was performed in order to identify samples or portions of them suitable for dating by radiocarbon. In principle, considering at least the case of an aerial mortar, the material which can be dated is the carbon contained in the binder, since that carbon is derived from the calcite that forms in the moment of mortar hardening by interaction with atmospheric CO2. Six core samples were obtained from foundation and from different levels of the Bell Tower, each of them related to a different construction phase. A...
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Valeria Comite, Jose Santiago Pozo-Antonio, Carolina Cardell, Teresa Rivas, Luciana Randazzo, Mauro Francesco La Russa, Paola Fermo
This research deals with the characterization of black crusts collected from Dome of Monza. Black crusts (BC) can be formed as a result of different chemical and physical reactions between the stone surface and environmental factors (such as gaseous pollutants, aerosol particulate matter and its specific chemical constituents-the carbonaceous fraction and the metals); therefore, they are considered as a passive sampler of pollutants. The specific focus of the current work is the study of the metals and their distribution within the samples. To characterize BC, several techniques were used...
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Daniele Moro, Gianfranco Ulian, Giovanni Valdrè
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) is a powerful technique when both morphology and chemical information of a sample are desired at the microscale. However, when dealing with micrometre-scale materials, such as glass and metal fragments, as often found in cultural heritage and archaeology, several effects must be considered to avoid quantification errors. In the present work, a study of the thickness and shape effect on SEM-EDS microanalysis of ultrathin glass and metal alloys fragments by means of Monte Carlo simulations is presented....
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Yuval Goren, Erez Ben-Yosef, Francisco Centola, Cécile Fossé, Yaron Katzir, José Mirao, Ron Shaar, Yitzhak Vassal, Nicola Schiavon
The Late Bronze Age (ca. 1500-1200 BC) constitutes the heyday of the great empires of the ancient Near East (ANE), such as Egypt, Hatti, Mitanni, Babylonia, and Assyria. Centuries of conflicts followed by peaceful relations, marked the interrelations of these superpowers. Rich literary records in the form of archives of cuneiform texts were established. These archives contain abundant tablets whose origin is unknown. Sometimes the letterhead is missing, in other cases, we may have the name of the sender and still ignore his domicile. Further, the location of many ANE countries and cities has...
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Renato S. Olivito, Saverio Porzio, Carmelo Scuro, Domenico L. Carnì, Francesco Lamonaca
Past seismic events have shown that the existing built heritage is strongly vulnerable to dynamic stresses induced by earthquakes. This issue concerns not only reinforced-concrete buildings but also masonry ones, which are concentrated in the historical centers that characterize the Italian peninsula. The inadequacy of existing structures to withstand the seismic actions is due to significant constructive variables, such as the materials used and the construction details, neglected in building practices. This work deals with the analysis of the built heritage through the inventory with the...
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Simone Tiberti, Gabriele Milani
This paper presents an automated procedure that enables the creation of a finite element mesh directly from the image file representing the rasterized sketch of a generic masonry element. This procedure goes under the name pixel strategy if a 2D finite element mesh is needed, where the elements are planar and rectangular; conversely, its extension in the 3D case is named voxel strategy, and there the resulting finite elements are solid bricks. The finite element meshes so obtained are then used for extracting homogenized in-plane failure surfaces for historical masonry cells, which display a...
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Carmelo Scuro, Domenico L. Carnì, Francesco Lamonaca, Renato S. Olivito, Gabriele Milani
The Italian historical and cultural heritage is one of the most interesting and great in the world. The study of this heritage patrimony is bringing new discovery in the field of structural science. An ancient anti-seismic structure was discovered in Calabria region. Such structure is based on fictile tubules bricks a still not well studied construction method. In this paper we propose an innovative measurement method to investigate the mechanical properties of this antiseismic structures.
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Ersilia Giordano, Angela Ferrante, Francesco Clementi, Gabriele Milani, Antonio Formisano
Italy is a high seismic risk country. Since 1900 more than 30 earthquakes with magnitude greater than Mw=5.8 occurred, and the last one is the Central Italy seismic sequence. It heavily hit the regions of Marche, Umbria, and Abruzzo causing many deaths, injuries and extensive damages on the cultural heritage. This paper analyses the church of San Francesco in Amadola, located in the Marche region that has been considered condemned for the severe damages reported after these earthquakes. The church is globally analyzed by the application of nonlinear static analysis on a Finite Element Model...
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