Shin-ichi Nakao, Yoshiya Terao, Masaki Takamoto
The new PVTt system as the standard for gas flow rate less than 5 mg / min has been constructed. This system has three unique aspects for a calibration of gas flow meters. In a PVTt system, the pressure downstream of a device under test (DUT) increases after a flow is diverted to a constant volume tank (CVT) side. It results in a change of a differential pressure working on DUT and a flow rate through DUT changes. Therfore, a flow meter which does not have a function to produce a constant flow rate can not be calibrated by a PVTt system. In this system, by introducing the automatic pressure...
Thomas Kegel
The CEESI Iowa Quality Control program is made up of three parts. The first part addresses management issues as described in the ISO 9000 series of standards. It consists of the documented procedures and policies that govern the day to day operations. The second part addresses technical issues as described in the ISO 17025 standard. Examples include uncertainty analyses, calibration records and software verification. The Measurement Assurance Program (MAP) is the third part of the CEESI Iowa Quality Control program. This paper discusses the components of the CEESI Iowa MAP. The main...
P. Ulbig, A. Benito, P. L. Cremonesi, J.-R. Filtz, R. Forster, F. Haloua, B. Hay, M. Jaeschke, S. Loubat, S. Sarge, P. Wenz
As to fossil energy sources, gas consumption has still the strongest growth rate and has more than doubled world-wide since 1973. In 1999, the production and consumption of gas amounted globally to 2,2 billions of cubic metres. According to estimates of the World Gas Association, gas consumption will increase by an annual rate of 2,3 % until 2030. In view of the wid e growing global demand for natural gas and the liberalisation of the gas market in Europe, the measurement accuracy is of decisive importance when determining the calorific value to ensure transparency on the European gas...
Isabelle Care
Industrial needs for measurements of low air velocity can be classified in three categories : - Evaluation of comfort in private or collective building (houses, offices, hospitals, schools, stores, libraries, …) and in vehicles (cars, trucks, trains, planes, …). Actually, the fundamental parameters to qualify comfort are air velocity, temperature and humidity. - Control of products quality in industrial processes (clean rooms for microelectronics industries, climatic chambers for aging tests, drying chambers for food industries, …) - Control of equipment to ensure safety of people in...
Steve Caldwell, Tom Kegel, R. J. W. Peters
The paper will describe the testing of 18” (457 mm) to 28” (711 mm) V-Cone Meters over a wide Reynolds Number range to determine the Discharge Coefficients. These results will be presented in graphical form. The tests were undertaken in the CEESI Iowa Natural Gas Test Facility and details of this laboratory are given in the paper. The calibration philosophy and the uncertainties achieved will be described. The measurement assurance program for this facility was used during these tests and this will be described.
Julien Cancade, Bertrand Reeb
Turbine meters and orifice plates are designed to operate in ideal conditions, downstream of straight pipe lengths and therefore turbine meters are calibrated in this configuration. The metering accuracy strongly depends on the flow conditions encountered at the meter inlet. Turbine meters are very sensitive to installation effects inducing flow perturbations like jet flow or swirling effects, generated by pressure regulators or pipe configuration in city gate stations. The error due to bad installation effects can reach more than 3%. Consequently, in order to maintain a good level of...
Julien Cancade, Bertrand Reeb
Turbine meters and orifice plates are designed to operate in ideal conditions, downstream of straight pipe lengths and therefore turbine meters are calibrated in this configuration. The metering accuracy strongly depends on the flow conditions encountered at the meter inlet. Turbine meters are very sensitive to installation effects inducing flow perturbations like jet flow or swirling effects, generated by pressure regulators or pipe configuration in city gate stations. The error due to bad installation effects can reach more than 3%. Consequently, in order to maintain a good level of...
Guo Liang, Zheng Qi, Guo Mingchang, Xiao Di, Guo Dianjie
In order to meet the requirement of rapid development of natural gas industry, and to calibrate natural gas flowmeter used in the project of west-east natural gas transportation in China, a natural gas flow calibration station (facility) with high pressure and big diameter of pipe will be designed and built in Nanjing city. So far, the location of the calibration station, the design scheme and the process flow has been decided. The conceptual design for the facility has been completed. The main specifications of the facility are as follows: the maximum operating pressure is 5.5 MPa, the...
Bertrand Reeb
Turbine meters are very commonly used for custody transfer in the oil and gas industry. They have been type approved for fiscal metering for decades and in many countries, and they measure each day huge amounts of gas everywhere. While their biggest advantages are their good reliability and a low shift with time, together with a decent rangeability, their main drawbacks are their mechanical fragility and their sensitivity to poor installation conditions. Indeed, a too severe pressurisation might damage the thrust block of the rotor. A disturbed incoming flow profile will also induce an...
Virginie van Ranterghem, Stéphane Loubat
In the context of the gas market opening up to competition, the number of participants in the gas chain is increasing, exchanges are intensifying and the gas supply sources are multiplying for some parts of the world, notably in Europe where the networks are more and more interconnected. Therefore, it is crucial to be able to better determine the quantities of energy exchanged and the variations in the gas quality, with the view to having more accurate and more equitable billing. The variation over time in the calorific value at a given point in the grid can be as high as a few percent and...