This paper presents a multi-wave standard (MWS) designed for evaluating the frequency response in extracting surfaces with CT measuring systems. The characteristics of the MWS were defined using prior knowledge on MWS applied to CT and simulations of the CT extraction operation. With basis on the designed geometry, an aluminium MWS specimen was manufactured. A set of preliminary CT measurements demonstrate the suitability of the designed MWS to characterize the frequency response for surface extraction with CT systems.
Until now, nobody succeeded in forming algorithm describing photon beam incident on the surface at 90 deg (sliding light). Due to the importance of this problem, we decided to solve it experimentally. The experiments started with measurement of extremely long microbores with focused laser microbeam. In the second stage of experiments we designed a simple model of Photon Batching Device (PBD) generating photon beam within the range from a few tens of photons up to several millions photons per second. At this level the corpuscular character of light dominates over its wave character. In the...
In this paper we present the procedure to calibrate the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, one of the most used instruments in the measurement of optical fibers. At the same time, since the procedure of calibration imposes the study and the development of a sample/artefact called recirculating delay line, we have studied and described its realization and calibration.
Web service (WS) is a fast growing technology. A set of WS is one of the best applications of multi-agent system, i.e. a WS is represented by an agent. This fact results in WS encapsulation and causes difficulty to track its internal behaviour. One solution of this problem is to use a notification system, where changes in WS are represented by a set of notification messages. The set of notification messages gives only static information about WS. If time 1 between notification messages is considered, then a web service dynamics can be described. This article proposes an approach for...
Mobile communication networks have grown and the supporting technology is increasingly complicated. Operating a cellular mobile network system is challenging and requires expert effort. The requirements to improve efficiency and to reduce the operating expenses demand the cellular network operators to apply automated solutions in performance management of the network systems. Experts at operators’ network management centre must analyze large amounts of data. They spend most of their time doing routine tasks, such as data acquisition, filtering and repetitive decisions. This paper presents an...
The diagnostics of networked systems has concentrated on diagnostics of network nodes. We present a statistical modelling method which supports analysis and diagnostics of the network as whole, in particular, of coher- ent states and state transitions. We describe nodes with dis- crete states statistically affected by external load. In a net- work the effective load on a node is a sum of the external load and an effect due to the states of neighbouring nodes. Such effective loads introduce statistical dependence be- tween states, and eventually coherent behaviour of the net- work. This...
A determination of voltage and current conditions were needful for increasing reliability and for reduction of a number of faults in the high voltage electric network. Increasing effectiveness and selectivity of readjusting relay protections evaluated faults, easier dimensioning of devices in the high voltage electric network and so on is possible by virtue of results from this analysis. The analysis of faults, including diagnostic of electric network devices, forms basis for reliability working of electric network and basis for design of protection systems.
Transformer reliability and availability are keys to a profitable process of power generation and transmission. On-line supervision of transformers improves their reliability, positively influencing correct and safe functioning of the whole power system. To achieve the desired transformer availability, the user should have information about the transformer state and operating conditions. Especially, he should have information about incipient faults before they escalate into failures. A transformer monitoring system with ability to supervise all the significant transformer parameters is the...
In the paper an implementation of a new modified 2D bilinear method of fault detection and localisation of analog electronic circuits, taking into consideration tolerances of elements in embedded systems based on microcontrollers is described. This approach consists of two stages. In the first stage a fault dictionary consisting of a nominal area representing a fault-free circuit and coefficients defining widths of localisation belts are created. In the second stage the measurement procedure and the algorithm of fault detection and localisation is made by the microcontroller mounted in an...
Highly precise measuring of 3D displacements in the vicinity of the crack tip by using object grating method enables the visualization of deformation and characterization of the crack propagation process. Modified CTOD concept based on deformations analysis along the set of lines shifted in direction of the crack propagation is introduced. Through the visualization it provides comprehension of specimen’s behavior in conditions of high stress concentration and large displacements. Object grating method is advantageously used to analyze two specimens with initial crack in a macroscopic...