Romina Strangis, Mauro Francesco La Russa, Andrea Macchia, Giorgia Salatino, Anna Arcudi, Raffaella Mancuso, Chiara Biribicchi
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are a relatively new class of unconventional green solvents. They are obtained by mixing two or more components, a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), which form a liquid at room temperature due to their lower melting point compared to the starting materials. DESs are characterized by their low toxicity, high environmental compatibility, non flammability, and non-volatility. While DESs have found applications in various fields such as organometallic chemistry and pharmaceutical production, their potential use in restoration of cultural...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.182
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Luisa Ammirati, Bianca Magliocchetti, Simone Berto, Emanuel Demetrescu
Photogrammetry is a widely used survey technique for creating Digital Replicas, but its application requires some expertise in survey planning and execution that sometimes can represent a challenge, especially for non-expert users. This paper presents GP-NEP, a prototype tool designed to address this task. GP-NEP aims to guide non-expert users through the intricacies of photogrammetric surveying, helping to understand the key factors that influence the quality of the final Digital Replicas. By employing an interactive questionnaire-based approach, GP-NEP assists users in selecting suitable...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.181
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Michela Ricca, Raffaella Greca, Carlo Riente, Donatella Barca, Luciana Randazzo, Silvestro A. Ruffolo, Mauro F. La Russa
The presence of water in masonry, especially in confined spaces, is one of the most important causes of deterioration of stone building materials. If water is present, particularly rising damp, degradation processes such as loss of surface material, encrustations, micro-cracks, salt efflorescences, etc., may arise and be intensified. Treatment against these phenomena is therefore strongly recommended for the protection and conservation of ornamental materials and buildings in general, before their restoration. In the present work, a multi-analytical approach was employed to study the stone...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.180
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Maria Ricciardi, Valeria Comite, Andrea Bergomi, Chiara Andrea Lombardi, Paola Fermo, Antonio Faggiano, Antonino Fiorentino, Concetta Pironti, Luana Bontempo, Federica Camin, Oriana Motta, Antonio Proto
The degradation of historical buildings surfaces through the formation of black crusts is a process mainly related to air pollution. The origin of air pollutants can be determined by measuring the stable isotope ratio of their main elements. In this study, the results obtained from the isotopic analysis of BCs taken from the historical Monza cathedral, an important monument placed in Monza, a highly polluted city of Northen Italy, are discussed. In particular, stable isotope ratios of carbon, sulphur and oxygen of two black crust samples (namely MD and MS) were measured by Isotope Ratio Mass...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.179
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Gaia Sabetta, Grazia Semeraro, Florinda Notarstefano, Marta Portillo
A large number of ground stone tools have been unearthed in the archaic Messapian settlements of San Vito dei Normanni - Castello d Alceste (Brindisi) and Cavallino (Lecce), in southern Puglia. The questions raised by these tools concern exploitation of food resources and distribution of productive activities within the settlements. First results of phytolith analyses conducted on ten grinding tools are presented. Quantitative and morphological analysis aimed at estimating the amount of phytoliths in the sediment, but also at identifying the types of plants used in the sites. Phytoliths...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.178
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Enrico Petritoli, Fabio Leccese
We will examine the route of the Via Severiana, traced in the imperial period, from a historical and technical point of view. Later we will compare it with the Tabula, which we can consider one of the first synthetic representations of general viability.
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.177
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Francesca Mariani, Giosuè Caliano, Stefano De Angeli, Paola Pogliani
The text discusses the applications of the PICUS system in comparison to traditional auscultation techniques for analyzing detachments in historical and artistic artifacts. Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques, although valuable for assessing the condition of materials and structures, face limitations in terms of feasibility, optimal operational conditions, and potential risks to delicate objects. In practical work environments, conservator-restorers often rely on traditional auscultation techniques, involving tapping the surface and observing vibrations, due to their accessibility,...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.176
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Eleonora Clò, Gabriele Gattiglia, Eleonora Rattighieri, Francesca Anichini, Antonio Campus, Marta Rossi, Mauro Buonincontri, Anna Maria Mercuri
The archaeological investigation of the Charterhouse of Calci-Pisa (Central Italy) is a research project launched in 2018 by a multidisciplinary team of the University of Pisa. Three different monks gardens (the Prior s, the Apothecary s, and the Master s garden) have been investigated. The study focused not only on their structural transformations, evidenced by flowerbeds, pools, and fountains, but also paid special attention to pedological variations, plants diversity, and the presence of root systems, animals, and microorganisms, to detail changes in use, such as the succession of crops...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.175
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Alma Kumbaric, Flavia Bartoli, Zohreh Hosseini, Giulia Caneva
Plants in art are not only decorative elements, they have symbolic values that cannot be neglected, because are bearer of a message, which need to be understood. Moreover, they usually show the connection with the surrounding natural landscape. Indeed, the phytoiconographic elements are important tools to reconstruct the lost garden. Our works aims identifying the plant representation to provide useful information for the reconstruction of the the ancient villa’s garden. We studied decorated wall remains and ceiling structures identifying the plant species and attributing their symbolic...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.174
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Susana Silva, Paulo Carvalho
Gardens are delicate and vulnerable assets. They are also cultural, artistic, and historical documents of great relevance that must be preserved and valued. Various funding programmes have sought directly or indirectly to help comply with this principle. The aim of this study is to analyse the conservation and enhancement interventions carried out in Portuguese historic gardens between 2014 and 2020, under the Portugal 2020 Community Support Framework. This is a funding programme for projects in various thematic areas. The public database containing all approved applications was therefore...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.173
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