Susana Silva, Paulo Carvalho
Madeira Island (Portugal) is widely recognized for the exuberance of its landscape, largely anchored in the abundance of gardens, parks, and flowers. These are one of the biggest tourist attractions, as well as one of the great brand images of this region, which has helped to position the island on the route of a worldwide interest in visiting gardens. Garden tourism has therefore gained expression. This work aims to analyse the trajectory of the garden tourism in this destination by evaluating the supply and demand trends in the three main entrance-fee gardens. It goes beyond the strategies...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.172
· Download
Souen Fontaine, Alex Sabastia, Jérôme Sialelli, Denis Dégez, Alexis Rochat, Marine Sadania
The development of preventive archaeology at sea and particularly offshore has led to the establishment of a protocol for geophysical detection and in situ identification of potential maritime cultural assets. To resolve the difficulty in precisely characterising, and therefore selecting for in situ expertise, acoustic anomalies corresponding to isolated or scattered objects, which are potential indicators of homogeneous buried sites or sites that are at the surface but deteriorated or very old, a new protocol for detection and expertise using an acoustic camera mounted on an ROV was...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.171
· Download
Manuela Ritondale
Despite the availability of various remote sensing methods allowing for mapping, monitoring, and studying the underwater cultural heritage at previously unreachable depths, underwater operations remain costly and challenging to sustain in extensive areas. The adoption of formal models indicating where to expect archaeological remains would be extremely beneficial to optimise underwater archaeological investigations. However, whilst archaeological predictive modelling has increasingly been employed in terrestrial contexts, this technique is underdeveloped in the maritime domain, particularly...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.170
· Download
Nikos Papadopoulos, Crescenzo Violante, Dimitrios Oikonomou, George Kritikakis
The Roman site of Baia (Naples, Italy) belongs to the Campi Flegrei volcanic field, which is affected by vertical ground movement called Bradyseism, that strongly influenced the morphology of the coast. As a consequence, a number of architectural remains are now below the sea water surface, and partly or totally buried within the marine sediments. This work presents the results of the coastal and ultra-shallow marine geophysical survey aimed to investigate and reconstruct the onshore-offshore hidden built environment in the specific site. The geophysical approach included Ground Penetrating...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.169
· Download
Vasileios Giannakopoulos, George Papatheodorou, Dimitris Christodoulou, Elias Fakiris, Maria Geraga, Panagiotis Gkionis, Nikos Mavrommatis, Thomas Levy
Advancements in remote sensing technologies and marine robotics have revolutionized the surveying of underwater cultural heritage (UCH), surpassing the limitations of conventional means. In shallow water areas, Unmanned Surface Vessels (USVs) offer advantages over research vessels, such as extended autonomous operation, maneuverability, low power consumption, and reduced environmental impact. In this study, conducted at two wreck sites in Methoni Bay, Greece, an USV was employed, equipped with a side scan sonar system operating at frequencies of 455/800 kHz, which was integrated into the...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.168
· Download
Alexandros Labrianidis, Elias Fakiris, Georgiou Nikos, Dimitris Christodoulou, Xenophon Dimas, Maria Geraga, Nikos Mavrommatis, George Papatheodorou
This study combines marine remote sensing and photogrammetry to investigate underwater cultural heritage (UCH) sites in the Gulf of Patras, Greece. The research utilized multibeam echosounders, side scan sonar, and marine magnetometers to detect potential UCH sites, followed by visual inspections using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) equipped with a GoPro camera. Photogrammetry techniques were applied to create high-quality 3D models of the identified UCH site, revealing sunken cannons within a Posidonia oceanica meadow. Despite shape alteration caused by concretions and biological...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.167
· Download
Apostolos Vlachos, Stelios Krinidis, Kimon Papadimitriou, Aggelos Manglis, Anastasia Fourkiotou, Dimitrios Tzovaras
The rich and valuable Underwater Cultural Heritage present in the Mediterranean is often overlooked by most, due to the inherent difficulties in physical approach. The iblueCulture project was created to bridge that gap, by introducing a real texturing and streaming system. It captures real time video underwater and uses it to properly texture and represent the Underwater Cultural Heritage site and its immediate surroundings in a Virtual Reality environment. This system has been installed in some modern and ancient shipwrecks in the Greek archipelago, which can be viewed in situ. It can also...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.166
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Crescenzo Violante, Enrico Gallocchio, Fabio Pagano, Nikos Papadopulos
In this paper we present the activities and the preliminary results of archaeo-geophysical and geoarcheological investigations carried out by ISPC_CNR in the Submerged Archaeological Park of Baia (southern Tyrrhenian Sea) in the two-year period 2020-2022 in in the frame of a research agreement with the Phlegraean Fields Archaeological Park (PAFLEG). The surveys were undertaken as part of three marine campaigns carried out in collaboration with the Norbit Subsea of Trondheim (Norway), the Subseafenix of Ravenna (Italy) and the Institute for Mediterranean Studies (IMS) - Foundation for...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.165
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Rosaria Galvagno, Alessia D'Anna, Anna Maria Gueli, Giuseppe Politi, Giuseppe Stella
The absolute dating of historical buildings through thermally stimulated luminescence techniques involves also in situ and extra situ dosimetry techniques. The age calculation for brick sampled is obtained from the ratio between the absorbed dose through luminescence measurements and the annual dose through the U, Th and K contents and the environmental dose values at the sampling site. The radioactive contents of the sample and the environmental dose values can be used not only for dating purposes, but also to make assessments related to the level of natural radioactivity present in...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.164
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Francesco Caridi, Giuseppe Paladini, Santina Marguccio, Maurizio D'Agostino, Alberto Belvedere, Vincenza Crupi, Domenico Majolino, Valentina Venuti
In the present paper, an investigation focused on the natural radioactivity content in construction materials widely employed for the realization of buildings of particular historical-artistic importance, was performed. In particular, the assessment of the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K radioisotopes in red granite and basalt aggregate samples was carried out through High Purity Germanium (HPGe) γ-ray spectrometry. Moreover, several indexes developed to evaluate the radiological risk for human beings related to radiation exposure, i.e. the radiation activity concentration...
TC4 MetroArchaeo 2023
· TC4
· 2023
· 10.21014/tc4-ARC-2023.163
· Download