9762 papers found
The main objects and methods of systematic error theory are presented. The basic notion of systematic error is analysed, in connection with the main stages of the measurement procedure. The main problems of detection, elimination, evaluation, and estimation of systematic errors are outlined. Interrelation of the systematic and random errors is also considered.
This paper is devoted to the comparison of forty least-squares-type algorithms for spectrophotometric analysis of edible oil mixtures, viz. olive oil corrupted with corn oil and nut oil. The paper is providing a specification of the compared algorithms, a description of the methodology of their comparison, selected results of comparison, and conclusions drawn from them.
This work is concerned with the evaluation of measurement uncertainty arising from the use of non-linear regression in testing. While modern standards require a measured value to be accompanied by a statement of its quality in the form of an associated uncertainty, for many applications existing work procedures make no reference to uncertainty. Such procedures should therefore be updated to take account of the requirement to provide uncertainty information. This paper considers an application that involves the use of non-linear regression and for which uncertainty evaluation does not...
The well-established ISO GUM method for evaluating measurement uncertainties refers to measurements where the properties of all involved quantities are assumed to be constant. In many technical applications, however, a time-dependent uncertainty information that can be attributed to values measured and filtered by dynamic systems is more and more needed, e.g. for closed-loop control. This contribution extends the existing ISO GUM method consistently to time-dependent quantities of dynamic systems in a straightforward way. For this purpose, state-space models are used, as this approach...
This paper describes how to use uncertain measurements in decision making. How to verify measurement policy with uncertainty involved. Simulation of process behavior with different uncertainties and cost structures are tackled. An example with four different decision options is shown and process of simulation is explained and visualized.
Are “the error approach” and “the uncertainty approach” really alternative with one another, as the International Vocabulary of Metrology – Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM3) states, so that assuming the latter implies definitely renouncing to maintain a role for truth in measurement? This paper proposes instead that in the encompassing framework of measurement uncertainty some components of error, and therefore truth, thought of in operative sense, remain and should be taken into account as such.
The distribution of the Mach number at the test section of the Brazilian Pilot Transonic Wind Tunnel is under evaluation for the subsonic, transonic and low supersonic ranges. The measured parameters in these investigative tests are static and total pressure of the airflow, which are the input quantities for the isentropic equation used for the Mach number estimation, which is the output quantity. The measurement of static pressures at several stations of the test section is accomplished by positioning a pressure probe at the centreline and by distributing pressure taps along the superior...
A setup for the calibration of the normalized spectral response of digital imaging sensors/cameras has been developed. In this work, we report on the experimental procedure and results of the normalized spectral response measurement for a digital imaging sensor by using LEDbased tunable uniform monochromatic source. Measurement accuracy is verified by evaluating the measurement uncertainty and systematic error sources for the case of normalized spectral response.
This paper presents a precise and low cost absolute position inductive measurement system for rough industrial environments. This transducer works on similar principles as contactless resolvers but consists of a rectangular antenna PCB, a passive LC resonance target and a signal processing unit. The read out electronics utilize undersampling to demodulate the transducer in{phase and quadrature output signals. Furthermore, the corresponding position is estimated from a lookup table (LUT) to avoid singularities in the inverse tangent and cotangent calculation. The mechanical transducer...
This paper discusses problems of the electrical energy utilization of industrial and institutional consumers. Nowadays difficult economic circumstances make more and more companies waking up to use energy as efficient as possible. Today all companies are interested in lowering their energy consumption, because even a relatively low percentage of energy savings may have a significant effect to the budget balance. This increased interest in energy efficiency increases number of offers on the market promising 5-30% electrical energy saving. In this paper diagnostic of one of energy saving...