Windi Kurnia Perangin-Angin
Measurement of RF attenuation is required in determining the quality and effectiveness of telecommunication system. Measurement system of RF attenuation at 10 dB to 60 dB in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 3 GHz has been established at National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (BSN). The system was developed to support measurement of attenuation, particularly on equipment used by telecommunications industry. The measurement method in this system is IF substitution method. VNA works based on the principle of IF substitution method, so that VNA can be used for measuring RF attenuation. The...
Sergio Rapuano, Luca De Vito, John Jendzurski, William B. Boyer, Steven J. Tilden, Nicholas G. Paulter, Jr.
There is a global need to standardize the terms and the test and computational methods that are used to describe and/or measure the parameters that characterize and define the performance of devices that generate signals and subsequently measure and analyze the waveforms acquired of those signals. This standardization is essential for accurate, reproducible, reliable, and communicable characterization of the performance of these devices, which supports technology and product advancement, product comparison and performance tracking, and device calibration and traceability. Users of the...
Alessandro Cultrera, Ngoc Thanh Mai Tran, Vincenzo D’Elia, Massimo Ortolano, Luca Callegaro
A setup for the calibration of lock-in amplifiers in the low frequency range is presented. The setup is based on an uncalibrated voltage source, an ac voltmeter, and calibrated inductive and resistive voltage dividers. The measurand is the relative deviation of the lock-in amplifier reading from the calibrated applied voltage. Examples of calibration of a commercial lock-in amplifier in the 10 µV range, at frequencies of 17 Hz and 103 Hz, are given; the calibration uncertainty, relative to the instrument full-scale, is under evaluation and expected to be of the order of 10 -4 .
Andrea Mariscotti
Active power is not carried solely by the fundamental component (either dc or ac) especially for highly distorted systems, as electrified railways. The paper proposes two indexes and a preliminary assessment of the relevance of harmonic active power terms. Results are shown for three major railway systems architectures (3 kV dc, 2 × 25 kV 50 Hz and 15 kV 16.7 Hz) using experimental pantograph voltage and current. Harmonic power terms are relevant for the estimate of energy consumption especially for ac systems rather than dc, with some significant situations especially for 16.7 Hz systems.
Chengbin Liang, Fangxing Liu, Qing He, Zhaosheng Teng, Jianmin Li
A remote calibration method of measurement error of smart meter, which has the characteristics of large quantity and difficult calibration one by one on site, is studied in this paper. First of all, we introduce the principle of estimation the measurement error of smart meter by using a large number of data collected by smart meter to the information center under the structure of Advanced Metering Infrastructure. Then, the relationship between reading of summary meter and sub-meters and line loss estimation is given. Finally, the influence of line loss estimation on the measurement error...
A. Ghaderi, A. Mingotti, L. Peretto, R. Tinarelli
This paper presents a study focused on the equivalent parameters of an inductive current transformer for medium voltage purposes. In particular, its equivalent parameters behaviour has been assessed by varying both the temperature and the working conditions (current and voltage). Preliminary results provide interesting “calibration” curves which may be used during the transformer modelling.
Yuan Zhong, Qing Zhong, Lanruo Wang, Jinjin Li, Jifeng Qu, Kunli Zhou, Cao Wenhui, Xueshen Wang, Zhiqiang Zhou, Kai Fu, Yong Shi
Quantum voltage noise source (QVNS) based Johnson noise thermometer (JNT) system employing Josephson junctions (JJs) to generate calculable and quantum accurate pseudo-noise waveform as an artificial noise in measuring the thermodynamic temperature of a resistor. In this paper, we present the progress of design, fabrication, and characterization of the QVNS chip in NIM.
K. Torokhtii, A. Alimenti, N. Pompeo, E. Silva
We present an extended study on the uncertainty in resonant measurements. The uncertainty of the resonant frequency and quality factor was estimated. The effect of the use of uncalibrated resonant curve on uncertainty was extensively studied. For the uncalibrated data the systematic contribution to uncertainty was determined.
Andrea Alimenti, Kostiantyn Torokhtii, Nicola Pompeo, Emanuele Piuzzi, Enrico Silva
3D-printer materials are becoming increasingly more appealing also for high frequency applications. Thus, the electromagnetic characterization of these materials is an important step in order to evaluate their applicability in new technological devices. We present a measurement method for the loss tangent evaluation based on a dielectric loaded resonator (DR). Comparing the quality factor Q of the DR with a disk-shaped sample placed on a DR base with Q obtained when the sample is substituted with an air gap, allows a reliable loss tangent determination.
H. Ahmedov, B. Korutlu, L. Dorosinskiy, R. Orhan
The kilogram, currently defined by the mass of a material artifact, the International Prototype of the Kilogram, will be defined in terms of a fundamental nature of constant, the Planck constant, ensuring long-term stability of the SI mass unit and enabling traceability from more than one source. Kibble balance experiments offer an effective primary realization method for the kilogram based on the value of Planck constant. Kibble Balance apparatus operating at National Metrology Institute of Turkey is designed with a stationary coil and an oscillating magnet. In contradistinction to...