Armin Shirbazo, Binghao Li, Seher Ata, Hamed Lamei Ramandi, Serkan Saydam
The mining sector is undergoing a profound shift as Industry 4.0 technologies—IoT, AI, robotics—reshape operational planning and execution. This study explores the integration of Mine IoT to modernize mining practices, emphasizing metrology-driven advancements in real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and autonomous systems. Accurate measurement and standardized data are central to improving efficiency, enhancing safety, and advancing sustainability goals. A smart ventilation case study illustrates how RAMI 4.0, combined with digital metrology, enhances interoperability, enables...
TC6 M4Dconf2025
· TC6
· 2025
· 10.21014/tc6-2025.026
· Download
Alicja Wiora, Józef Wiora
This study presents the application of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for environmental data acquisition in a scientific research setting. The system comprises a network of 12 sensor nodes and a central server. Each node is built around a D1 Mini module, which collects data from an attached sensor and transmits the measurements to the server via web requests. A server-side script processes these requests and stores the data in structured text files. The collected data can be analysed either in real time during the experiment or retrospectively. To ensure durability and reliability...
TC6 M4Dconf2025
· TC6
· 2025
· 10.21014/tc6-2025.025
· Download
Mou Jianqiang, Cui Shan
A data driven methodology for sensor fault diagnosis in sensor network using principal component analysis (PCA) of coherence spectrum and convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning is proposed. The methodology was evaluated with the measurement data of a sensor network for ambient relative humidity (RH) monitoring of a chemical laboratory. The results demonstrated accuracy up to 99% for sensor fault diagnosis in the sensor network functioning across a large spectrum of frequencies for environmental monitoring.
TC6 M4Dconf2025
· TC6
· 2025
· 10.21014/tc6-2025.024
· Download
Oqab N. Alotaibi, Rakan O. Alnefaie, Arwa K. Alrushud, Fahad A. AlMuhlaki, Rayan A. AlYousefi, Saad A. Bin Qoud, I. AlFaleh, N. Qahtani, A. El-Matarawey
Temperature measurements rely on various types of thermometers, including but not limited to Platinum Resistance Thermometers (PRTs), thermocouples, and radiation thermometers. Among these, resistance thermometers are considered highly reliable for sensitive temperature measurements. To ensure the accuracy and precision of measurement results, it is essential to consider factors that affect either the temperature value itself (after conversion from ohms) or the uncertainty estimation when using resistance thermometers. One critical factor is the interpolation error that arises when...
TC6 M4Dconf2025
· TC6
· 2025
· 10.21014/tc6-2025.023
· Download
Mohammad D. AlMelfi, Rawan A. AlMutairi, Fahad A. AlMuhlaki, Saad A. Bin Qoud, Rayan A. AlYousefi, I. AlFaleh, N. Qahtani, A. El-Matarawey
This work explores the automation of a photometry laboratory by integrating LabVIEW as the primary control and data acquisition platform, coupled with a Python-based artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for intelligent analysis and optimization. The system is designed to measure and analyze critical photometric parameters such as luminous intensity, luminous responsivity, illuminance, and luminous flux—all of which are essential for evaluating the performance of light sources like tungsten halogen lamps, LEDs, displays, and optical sensors. By automating traditionally manual processes, the...
TC6 M4Dconf2025
· TC6
· 2025
· 10.21014/tc6-2025.022
· Download
Cihan Kuzu, Alessandro Germak, Febo Menelao, Moritz Loewit, Miha Hiti, Andrea Prato, Tatiana Apostol
One of the most important and widely used testing method for extracting mechanical properties of material is the hardness test. It is mainly based on realizing a deformation on the material, measuring the geometric dimensions of the deformation and from that calculate the hardness value. Measurements are performed with imaging instruments like optical microscopes, mostly operated manually. However, new developments aim to determine the border of indentation, measure its diameter and diagonal length, save and mark the locations of the measured indents on the surface of the hardness reference...
TC6 M4Dconf2025
· TC6
· 2025
· 10.21014/tc6-2025.021
· Download
Daniel Hutzschenreuter, Clifford Brown, Wafa El Jaoua, Moritz Gafert, David Urban
Key and supplementary comparisons are a core component of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement. Digitalisation of data processing steps has the potential to reduce workloads of metrologists and to improve consistency of outcomes. The Digital Metrological Expert is an open-source software tool for automating the comparison data analysis and report creation. It is designed for use by metrology experts and for an integration into end-to-end digital workflows for machines. Automation is supported by applying FAIR principles for machine-actionable data and APIs that are based on the SI. The tool...
TC6 M4Dconf2025
· TC6
· 2025
· 10.21014/tc6-2025.020
· Download
Eulalia Balestrieri, Ilaria Amelia Caggiano, Francesco Picariello, Ioan Tudosa
Privacy measurement in digital systems lacks a standardised metrological framework to ensure reliable and comparable assessments. A metrological approach ensures that privacy measurements are reliable, reproducible, and comparable over time and across different contexts. In this work most common privacy metrics, including k-anonymity, ℓ-diversity, t-closeness, differential privacy, and mutual information, are critically evaluated, identifying their strengths and limitations from a metrological perspective. Initial directions and open challenges toward a metrology-based approach to privacy...
TC6 M4Dconf2025
· TC6
· 2025
· 10.21014/tc6-2025.019
· Download
Fatemeh Khalesi, Ioan Tudosa, Francesco Picariello, Arman Neyestani, Sergio Rapuano
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers secure communication by leveraging core principles of quantum mechanics. Characterization of QKD system is fundamental for comparing the experimental results provided by researchers. Unfortunately, there is no standardized or unified approach; therefore, different researchers present results that provide heterogeneous information, making comparisons difficult. A systematic analysis of the literature is necessary to identify common approaches from a metrological perspective. This paper provides an overview of measurements used to characterize quantum...
TC6 M4Dconf2025
· TC6
· 2025
· 10.21014/tc6-2025.018
· Download
Arman Neyestani, Ioan Tudosa, Luca De Vito, Fatemeh Khalesi, Sergio Rapuano
This survey analyses how five key mechanisms—Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC), entanglement-enhanced sensing, Quantum Clock Synchronization (QCS), and quantum teleportation/entanglement swapping—map onto the core metrological attributes of accuracy, stability, sensitivity, synchronization, security, and traceability. The paper identifies the principal research gaps—in particular, scalable entanglement distribution, hybrid classical–quantum integration, and SI-traceable calibration of quantum devices—and the technical advances required to translate...
TC6 M4Dconf2025
· TC6
· 2025
· 10.21014/tc6-2025.017
· Download