Pedro I. Espina, T. T. Yeh, Peter I. Rothfleisch, Stephen A. Osella
In an effort to expand the range of the national standards, NIST is experimenting with tele-metrology concepts to annex flow calibration facilities throughout the U.S. An essential part of this approach is the use of sensors capable of assessing the dynamic properties of the flow-testing environment. Specifically, we advocate the use of an advanced ultrasonic flow meter (AUFM) to provide a detailed description of the flow field entering the flow meter being calibrated. The AUFM couples multi-path ultrasonic sensing capabilities with pattern recognition software to provide likely flow fields...
Alan M. Fairclough
Testing wells, which produce 1-2% liquid in the presence of 99-98% gas volume, is very difficult. The mixture is far from homogeneous, and task is similar to looking for a needle in a haystack. Yet, in the case of condensates, the dollar value of the liquid may equal that of the gas. Biggest economic justification is the case of Gas Lift, where proper gas injection control can make a significant contribution to the profitability of the operation. If the gas contains water, the treatment is very expensive, so knowledge of the exact nature of the produced fluid is essential for proper...
Xing-Bin, L., Jin-hai, H., Ling-an, X., Zhi-hui,Y., He-tang,Q., Xiao-ping, L., Yu-hui Zh., Chun-hui H., Jia-qiang, Zh, Zhuor Q., Hai-jun, Zh.
A new type of conductance cross-correlation flowmeter based on two conductance sensors has been designed to measure the velocity of oil/water two- phase flow in a borehole. This flowmeter is capable of measuring the flowrate in a production well with high water cut. Experiment results carried out in a multiphase flow loop demonstrated that the flow velocity measuring range is from 0.0368 to 3.68 m/s, and the relative deviation is 2.3%. Field tests have been performed with the flowmeter in Daqing oilfield. The total flowrates measured with the flowmeter in the well are very closed to the...
Richard Steven
Wet Gas Metering is becoming increasingly important to the Natural Gas Production Industry as "Wet Gas" flows are becoming more common in the field and the addition of a field separator is prohibitively expensive. "Wet Gas" is defined here as all flows with a Gas Volume Fractions greater than 95%. There is no agreement in industry to which wet gas metering method is best. Of all the published two-phase flow Differential Pressure (DP) Meter correlations this research has shown seven to be of possible relevance. This paper uses new independent data to compare their performance. Finally, a new...
A. Strzelecki, P. Gajan, J. P. Couput, V. De Laharpe
Needs for accurate and reliable on line metering of two-phase flows (gas and/or liquids) are arising for fiscal and allocation reasons when subsea or topside installations are shared by several partners. This paper describes the work carried out by ONERA in collaboration with ELF EXPLORATION PRODUCTION and GAZ DE FRANCE to assess and develop accurate methods applicable for gas metering with condensate ("wet gas"). After a review of allocation metering requirements and available techniques for flow rate measurements in high gas fraction conditions (GVF> 95%), this paper deals with the...
Elisio Caetano, Jose Alberto Pinheiro, Claudio Barreiro da Costa e Silva, Cassio Kuchpil, Eivind Dykesteen
Monitoring of the multiphase flow at the wellhead eliminates the need for dedicated testlines from remote wellhead completions, and the need for a dedicated test separator at the processing facility. A multiphase flowmeter at the wellhead will also allow improved well control, and hence better reservoir control. For remote or deep subsea wellhead completions the savings and operational benefits offered by this new technology are quite extensive. In summer of 1997, Petrobras installed a Fluenta multiphase meter in a subsea production manifold, at 450 meter water depth at the Albacora field...
Claudio Barreiros da Costa e Silva, Jose Alberto Pinheiro da Silva Filho, Marcelo A. L. Gonçalves, Gualton Manhães, Hildebrando Pinho Filho, Josaphat Dias Da Mata, Ricardo Pessanha, Roberto Guedes
Water-in-oil or BSW monitoring in produced oil streams on offshore platforms in Campos Basin, Brazil, consists of a daily basis procedure to calculate the total liquid production balance. The measurement of the water cut becomes more critical through time when there is a natural depletion with a consequent decrease in the reservoir production, normally followed by an increase in water production, which can mask the oil fiscal metering. It is fundamental to consider the instability of the oil flow from the reservoir caused by gas or water slug, in the production columns, which can cause...
Ibere Nascentes Alves, Paulo José Pinto Ribeiro, Valdir Estevam, Alcemir Costa de Souza
This work presents the facilities of the "Sitio de Teste de Atalaia" (Atalaia test site) from Petrobras, located in Aracaju, Brazil. It was installed in 1994 to investigate the performance and endurance of different equipments related to artificial lift systems or multiphase flow installations, such as gas lift valves, meters, boosters and pumps. A large scale flow loop, 220-meters long and 6-inches of internal diameter, was designed to conduct two and three-phase flow tests. The multiphase flow loop is capable of flowing natural gas, crude oil and water simultaneously, at pressures up to 45...
Claudio Barreiros da Costa e Silva, Jose A. Pinheiro Silva Filho, Valério Fabian
Petrobras has been testing on-line oil-in-water monitors in offshore Campos Basin, Brazil, aimed at establishing cost effective, accurate and reliable operational procedures and at the same time complying with the legislation for the discharge of produced water Into the marine environment. There are many available technologies and some were chosen according to their adequacy to measure oil and grease (O&G) in produced water and re-injection water offshore. The need of Freon replacements and alternative laboratory analysis methods are evident. Systems based on ultraviolet fluorescence (UVF),...
Craig Van Cleve, Greg Lanham, Curt Ollila, Chuck Stack, Rob Garnett
The popularity of Coriolis meters continues to grow, largely as a result of the high performance and field robustness of dual, curved tube Coriolis meters. Such curved tube designs solved many of the problems that plagued early Coriolis meters, such as mount sensitivity and vibration effects. Although dual, curved tube Coriolis meters have gained acceptance, this design does not meet all application needs. In some applications, a single straight tube Coriolis meter is required due to process considerations, such as plugging problems, drainablity, and compactness. Recently, a new single...