Marco Carminati, Giorgio Ferrari, Marco Sampietro
In order to address the increasing demand for real-time and capillary monitoring of air quality and, in particular, of particulate matter (PM), novel solid-state sensor technologies and compact instrumentation for PM detection have been recently proposed. Within the context of smart cities and dense wireless sensor networks, we review miniaturized optical, mass-sensitive and capacitive approaches for detection of micrometric airborne dust, along with the new participatory and ubiquitous monitoring strategies enabled by the integration of these sensors with personal mobile devices such...
Methods and Advances in Measurement
· TC19
· 2014
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C. McCague, M. Fabian, T. Sun, K. T. V. Grattan, S. Shi, Y. Bai
In this paper, the suitability of using ‘intelligent’ fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) as sensors for the temperature feed-back control of concrete cured in a microwave environment has been presented and experimentally demonstrated. In this novel approach, the temperature data provided by the embedded FBGs are processed on the fly (using a feedback control algorithm) in order to regulate the microwave power so that an internal curing temperature of 70°C is maintained. The immunity of the FBGs to microwave radiation ensures that the embedded sensors remain stable, unlike conventional...
Methods and Advances in Measurement
· TC19
· 2014
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Ellen Vorberg, Kerstin Thurow, Heidi Fleischer, Steffen Junginger, Norbert Stoll
Laboratories providing environmental measurements will gain on improving analysis´ efficiency, robustness, and reliability by automating sample preparation for the analysis of toxic elements, such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead. Nevertheless, automating analytical sample preparation is still an unsolved challenge due to the fact that commercially available, automated platforms are not suitable for environmental applications. However, using the developed system for automated mercury analysis results in less cost and time consuming steps. The developed system enables precise and...
Methods and Advances in Measurement
· TC19
· 2014
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Heidi Fleischer, Khirendra Chemjong, Kerstin Thurow
Measurement methods for the determination of the enantiomeric excess of chiral organic substrates usually are a bottleneck in high-throughput applications. Common analytical techniques such as liquid and gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and spectroscopic techniques often require relative long measurement times and a high consumption of solvents and chiral materials. Hence, their application in high-throughput screening procedures is only possible to a limited extent. This requires the development of suitable measurement techniques, which enable the handling of high numbers of...
Methods and Advances in Measurement
· TC19
· 2014
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Christian Viehweger, Olfa Kanoun
Wireless sensor networks can be used to monitor environmental conditions over a large area. The use of solar cells for their power supply makes them independent from stationary power sources and batteries. Photovoltaik powering of sensor nodes requires new strategies for the usage of energy. As, due to clouds and other shadowing effects, the source is not constantly available, an intelligent management is required. The energy management must have a more complex functionality than common ones that use only DC/DC and storage strategies or MPP tracking as optimization. The energy management...
Methods and Advances in Measurement
· TC19
· 2014
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Khalil Moussi, Slim Naifar, Sonia Bradai, Olfa Kanoun
In the past few decades, extensive researches have been conducted on magnetoelectric (ME) effect especially in composite materials. Based on ME effect, vibration energy is converted into electric energy. Using Terfenol-D and PZT materials magnetic field is transformed into electric power. However, magnetic, mechanical and electric effects appear when the two composites are coupled. Moreover, under dynamic conditions, additional effects alter the transducer performance. For these purposes, investigations were carried out on magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials. This paper addresses...
Methods and Advances in Measurement
· TC19
· 2014
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Ferdaous Moalla, Sonia Bradai, Slim Naifar, Olfa Kanoun
Extracting energy from ambient vibration to power wireless sensors and other electronic devices is well needed. Many existing harvesters are linear systems working at one resonant frequency. To overcome this limitation, different strategies has been developed to increase the frequency range and to broaden the bandwidth of the harvester. For the electromagnetic energy harvester type, nonlinear behavior introduced by magnetic interactions is currently a central issue to enlarge the frequency bandwidth. A new feature in this study is to create a bistable potential well by inserting an external...
Methods and Advances in Measurement
· TC19
· 2014
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Slim Naifar, Sonia Bradai, Olfa Kanoun
The design of vibration energy harvesting system presents variety of solutions. The main challenges in the design are the optimization of energy outcome relative to the working frequency and amplitude of vibration sources. In this paper we present main possible strategies to harvest energy from common existing vibration sources. We propose to focus on the two main principles which are the electrodynamic and magnetoelectric energy harvester. A linear and nonlinear developed solutions for electrodynamic principles and existing magnetoelectric energy harvester are presented.
Methods and Advances in Measurement
· TC19
· 2014
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Issam Chaour, Olfa Kanoun, Ahmed Fakhfakh
Techniques and methods of energy harvesting are developed to recuperate energy coming from the ambiance to be transmitted to electronic systems. Energy should be useful in specific applications, to generate a certain voltage level and make capable of delivering a recommended Power to the load. So, the main challenge for energy harvesting is to obtain a significant amount of power efficiently from the environment. This paper describes an overview of power transfer systems and methods of charging low power sensors in industrial plants using harvested RF signals. It introduces a scheme...
Methods and Advances in Measurement
· TC19
· 2014
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P. Vergallo, A. Lay-Ekuakille, A. Ciaccioli, G. Griffo
Outdoor characterization of Photovoltaic modules is one of the way to determine their efficiency using MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker). However, environmental conditions, namely, dust and particulates, that can attack some components reducing their protecting passivation layer and/or packaging. In this context, the paper presents an experimental attempt to model load resistance used for identifying the maximum current of the PV in order to evaluate the worse condition range within which the MPPT is still capable of finding the working point of the I-V curve. These activities have been...
Methods and Advances in Measurement
· TC19
· 2014
· Download