Macel J. Boumans
The measurement set-ups for measuring economic phenomena are economic systems that cannot be controlled or shielded. Economists have to infer the desired quantitative facts about the phenomenon under study from the data generated by these systems. Accurate measurement results are therefore not obtained by adjustments and improvements of the measurement system, but must result from building accurate models of these systems. By taking into account the background noise when modelling the phenomenon, the impossibility of control for bias and error is compensated. As a result, accuracy is...
TC7 Symposium 2004
· TC7
· 2004
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Ludwik Finkelstein
The paper reviews the problem of widely defined measurement in soft systems. It defines soft systems as those incorporating human activity, or describable by fuzzy logic. It considers examples from measurements in psychology, economics and psychology. A framework for considering measurement in soft systems is offered for discussion.
TC7 Symposium 2004
· TC7
· 2004
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Roman Z. Morawski
The paper contains an overview of ethical dilemmas that appear in measurement-related research and engineering practice. They are presented in a broader con-text of ethical issues that have been currently discussed in empirical sciences and engineering in general.
TC7 Symposium 2004
· TC7
· 2004
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Joel Michell
According to the realist interpretation, measurement is the estimation of numerical relations (or ratios) between magnitudes of a quantitative attribute and a unit. The history of scientific measurement, from antiquity to the present may be interpreted as revealing a progressive deepening in the understanding of this position. First, the concept of ratio was broadened to include ratios between incommensurable magnitudes; second, the concept of a quantitative attribute was broadened to include non-extensive quantities; third, quantitative structure and its relations to ratios and real numbers...
TC7 Symposium 2004
· TC7
· 2004
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Xiaofei Wang, Ting Zhang, Qian Liu, Jian Shi
This paper focuses on the data processing method for reference materials preparation. By analyzing the data of reference materials (RMs), the process of repeatability and stability verification, uncertainty estimation, traceability of the value of a quantity and the characterization of RMs are detailed in the paper.
Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era
· TC4
· 2010
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Jae Kap Jung, Sang Hwa Lee, Jeon Hong Kang, Sung Won Kwon, Young Tae Park
The ratio error and phase displacement of a voltage transformer (VT) under test are measured by using a VT testing system that consists of a voltage source, a standard VT, a VT under test, a VT comparator, and a VT burden. Methods for on-site calibration of the components in industrial VT testing systems that do not require the removal of the components from the systems have been developed. Our method utilizes several portable travelling transfer standards: standard VTs, a calculable wide-ratio-error VT and a decade resistor. The travelling standard VT is used for the evaluation of an...
Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era
· TC4
· 2010
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E. Balestrieri, P. Daponte, S. Rapuano
In the paper the working context analysis and the required project hardware and software specifications of an innovative cytometry system able to operate in the space environment are presented. This new flow cytometer is the object of the “Space micro Environment Portable Active Cytometry Terminal” research project supported by the Italian Space Agency.
Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era
· TC4
· 2010
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Domenico Luca Carnì, Angelo Raffaele Cerra, Domenico Grimaldi
A new approach to evaluate the operational security of the Intrusion Tolerant System (ITS) is proposed. It is based on the mapping of the concept of the system security into that of system dependability. This approach permits to consider in the unified viewall the security strategies and mechanisms to realize the defense system. Therefore the semi-Markov process is used to emulate the variability of the fault rate. Owing to the strong connection of the operational security of ITS with the attributes of system dependability (availability, integrity, confidentiality and reliability), the...
Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era
· TC4
· 2010
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I. Anagnostopoulos, G. Kouzas, V. Loumos,E. Kayafas
In nowadays, there is a huge volume of information on the web, which is disseminated to the users in a chaotic way. In order to be accessed, the information must be clustered and classified in appropriate knowledge models. These models will provide and form the initial conditions of a knowledge structure. A confusing situation exists in the Digital Economy or in the so-called E-Commerce Arena. The way in which economic values and business strategies are created is changing fundamentally and this transforms the general structure of the Economy. A simple survey shows that there is no single,...
Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era
· TC4
· 2010
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Luca De Vit, Daniele Domenico Napolitano, Sergio Rapuano, Maurizio Villanacci, Domenico Luca Carnì
In this paper a portable automatic digital modulation scanner is described. This novel instrument has been designed including a pre-processor, able to divide the spectrum in sub-bands and to detect the incoming signals in each band, and a classifier, able in processing the detected signals and estimating their modulation types. The new instrument has been evaluated by several experimental tests, carried out in different operating conditions by varying the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and by emulating different real scenarios.
Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era
· TC4
· 2010
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