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Giovanni Gugliandolo, Andrea Alimenti, Kostiantyn Torokhtii, Nicola Pompeo, Giuseppe Campobello, Giovanni Crupi, Enrico Silva, Nicola Donato
Design and test of an inkjet-printed microwave interdigital capacitor on flexible Kapton substrate

The inkjet printing for flexible electronics is an emerging technology that is continuously expanding in different fields, such as healthcare, sports, space science, and, in general, where the traditional rigid electronics is not adequate. In this paper, the design and test of an inkjet-printed device on a flexible substrate are presented. The device is an interdigital capacitor (IDC) fabricated by deposition of conductive ink on a 127 μm-thick polyimide (Kapton® ) film. First, the electrical characterization of the substrate material is presented. The obtained results are then used for the IDC design. Finally, the prototype is fabricated by means of an inkjet printer and tested in a frequency range from 1 GHz to 5 GHz.

Gábor Hegyi, Tamás Bodolai
Using a Simulation of ALSE Long Wire Method to Lower Measurement Uncertainty in EMC Measurements

Electronic devices have become an essential part of our modern world, and manufacturers are obliged to ensure their safe coexistence and the reliable performance of their tasks. Operating safety means that nearby devices interfere with each other as little as possible. These interferences and immunity to interference signals are addressed in the field of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). EMC has been in the focus of researchers since the mid-20th century, but serious regulations were not introduced until the late 1980s. The article describes the basics of EMC and the challenges and uncertainties of this relatively new field of science, despite of the strict standard regulations of numerous measurement procedures. Also a simulated environment is presented to demonstrate examination possibilities and variations of the standard interpretations.

Tamás Bodolai, Gábor Hegyi, Angéla Váradiné Szarka
EMC Case Study: Using Resistors Instead of Ferrite Ring to Reduce Emis s ion of Battery Powered Equipment

Electromagnetic compatibility levels of the electrical and electronic equipment limited by relevant standards has more and more importance with increasing number of device density. EMC basic concept states that the conformity of a product must be ensured at the design stage. Retrospective solutions are usually much more expensive. Nonetheless, numerous post-modification methods are used in many products. A typical example of these is the separately built-in mains interference filter, ferrite rings placed on wires, clamp on ferrites. This type of modifications incurs significant additional costs in mass production including not only the cost of the additional materials, parts or equipment but also the related services. Although several proven retrospective methods exist for reducing emissions afterwards, these are far not the optimal solutions in terms of the costs. This article describes a costeffective solution for the retrospective EMC level reduction.

Francesco Adamo, Filippo Attivissimo, Sergio de Gioia, Attilio Di Nisio, Daniel Lotano, Mario Savino
Development and Prototyping of a Capacitive Oil Level Sensor for Aeronautical Applications

Capacitive Level Sensors (CLSs) are one of the most used level-sensing technologies in the industry as they are cheap, reliable and show high sensitivity. A typical capacitive level sensor with concentric and closed cylindrical armatures has slow dynamical response when used for high viscosity liquids such as lubricating oil for aeronautic applications. This work investigates a conditioning circuit that uses a capacitance to frequency converter and that could provide fast and accurate measurements when paired with cylindrical sensor using an LC tank-based oscillator as the exciting source. The preliminary experimental results show a linear response with small error and standard deviation.

Giorgia Fiori, Andrea Scorza, Maurizio Schmid, Jan Galo, Silvia Conforto, Salvatore A. Sciuto
A preliminary study on the blind angle estimation for Quality Assessment of Color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic systems

Quality Controls (QCs) for the evaluation of Color Doppler (CD) performance play a pivotal role since CD is one of the most widely used Doppler techniques in medical imaging. Among the recommended test parameters, directional accuracy at 90° is included, even if its assessment is carried out visually. Therefore, in this study, a novel CD test parameter, called blind angle, has been proposed and defined as it allows testing the Doppler frequency shift dependency on the insonation angle. Moreover, a novel automatic method for the estimation of this parameter through the post-processing of CD videos has been proposed. Data have been collected from a single ultrasound diagnostic system equipped with a phased array probe. Tests have been carried out for two probe frequencies and three constant flow rate regimes set on a flow phantom. Based on the preliminary promising outcomes, further studies are going to be carried out.

Gabriele Bocchetta, Giorgia Fiori, Andrea Scorza, Salvatore Andrea Sciuto
Image quality comparison of two different experimental setups for MEMS actuators functional evaluation: a preliminary study

The high interest of scientists and industries in the application of MEMS micro-actuators to several fields requires effective and robust measurement methods and systems for their quality assessment, focusing on their functional characterization, usually carried out through image analysis-based methods. In this study, a comparison of two experimental setups for image acquisition is proposed, aiming at establishing which setup collects images with higher quality for MEMS microgripper functional evaluation. The proposed work describes an experimental approach based on the evaluation of five parameters, i.e., brightness, saturation, contrast, sharpness, and signal-to-noise ratio, applied to 24 regions of interest in two sets of images of a same micro-actuator acquired from different optical setups at three magnification levels. Measurement results have been assessed following an objective approach by processing the acquired data through an in-house algorithm and a subjective approach by showing the acquired images to six observers and collecting their preferences.

Gian Piero Gibiino, Marco Crescentini, Marco Marchesi, Marco Cogliati, Aldo Romani, Pier Andrea Traverso
Static Characterization of the X-Hall Current Sensor in BCD10 Technology

This work presents on-wafer characterization measurements of the X-Hall current sensor architecture implemented in 90-nm BCD10 silicon process by STMicroelectronics. With respect to a previous implementation, technological improvements in terms of active region, isolation layers, and metal stack configuration result in a substantially improved sensitivity. In addition, it is reported that the sensitivity can be further improved by applying a negative voltage to the depletion layer.

Marlo Andrade, Raimundo C.S. Freire, Paulo Fernandes da Silva Júnior, Ewaldo E.C. Santana, Eduarda Froes dos Santos, Maria G.A. de Souza, Arthur S. Souza, Alexandre J.R. Serres
Compact Monopole Antenna for Smart Meter Applications in ISM Band 900 MHz

A compact monopole antenna for smart meters in Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band 900MHz is developed in this paper. The antenna was built in low-cost material (FR4), with spirals in PShape, and a total area of 4.32 cm2. The monopole antenna has broadband characteristics, however, the use of a spiral in P-Shape provides a reduction of the bandwidth, making it operate in narrowband. The P monopole antenna presents good relation between simulated and measured results, a difference of 0.32 %, measured bandwidth of 32MHz (896 - 928 MHz), covering the ISM band 900MHz (902 - 918 MHz), omnidirectional radiation pattern, without secondary lobes, with simulated HPBW of 107 degrees, the maximum gain of 2.29 dBi, and current density of 387.19A/m2.

Luca De Vito, Francesco Picariello, Sergio Rapuano, Ioan Tudosa
An electro-optic system implementing an accurate phase measurement method for sinewave signals

This paper deals with a preliminary design of an electro-optic system for accurately measuring the phase of sinewave signals output by generators up to 100MHz. In particular, a short description of the measurement method and an envisioned application, namely the characterization of waveform recorders, is provided. In the paper, an initial selection of the commercially-available instruments, which are suitable for implementing the proposed electro-optic system and the chosen specifications, are shown. To estimate the repeatability of the phase measurements according to the main characteristics of the chosen equipment, a simulator was implemented and its description is available in the paper. According to the simulation, a maximum standard deviation of 0.028° can be achieved at 100 MHz.

Erkan Danaci, Emre Cetin
Material Characterization at Millimeter Wave Frequencies in TUBITAK UME

The frequency response of the materials which are used in milimetre wave communication system has gained increasing importance nowadays. Frequency response measurement of materials in laboratory environments do not contain sufficient information about real working environment conditions. Free space, known as one of the most frequently used material characterization method at high frequencies, is used to give more accurate results under real operating conditions. In this study, using the TUBITAK UME’s infrastructure, the measurement results in free space and the uncertainty calculations of the measurements are given for some materials such as teflon, fr4, air, komacel. Measurements were performed at 67 GHz to 115 GHz and 110 GHz to 170 GHz frequency bands by using KMMS software which is known run up to 50 GHz frequency . Measurement results of materials were compared with known low frequency response of the materials in this study.

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