Calibrating signals for measuring systems intended for measurement of dynamic signals are generally limited to standard signals. The unit step input in time domain and sinusoidal signal in frequency domain are the most often applied here. However dynamic signals have in the practice quite arbitrary shapes which significantly differ from the standard signals. In consequence, the results of a calibration process realised by means of standard input signals are in practice useless, except of some very particular cases. On the other hand the process of calibration can not be realised by means of any dynamic signal because it is undefined and the set of such signals is infinite. In such a situation assumption that the calibration results have to ensure the mutual comparability of measuring systems is possible to attain only if the errors estimated in process of calibration receive maximum values. For this purpose the special class of calibrating signals maximising the assumed error criterion have to be applied. The results received then are similar to the class indexes resulting from the maximum static error determined for measuring instruments for static measurements. The paper presents the possible shapes of input signals which maximise integral-square-error criterion on the output of linear time invariant measuring system and its standard. In such a way a situation in which all the possible dynamic signals which might occur at the input of a real system are taken into consideration at the same time. The advantage of the presented method is the possibility of making the calibration process independent of the input signal shape through the application of signals which maximize the chosen error criterion.

A method for correcting dispersive distortion inside a pressure bar, on the basis of experimentally determining the bar's dispersive characteristic is presented in the paper. For this purpose the continuous wavelet transform together with the Gabor analyzing function was applied. In this method, a one-point measurement of the strain inside the bar was used. The results of correction of impact force waveforms, generated by longitudinal impacts of steel spheres into a steel bar, are presented.

Some new methods of fault diagnosis of electronic linear multiports based on bilinear transformation in multidimensional spaces are presented. They are extensions of the input-output methods 3D, 4D and 6D previously elaborated by authors for diagnosis of twoport electronic circuits. The methods can be applied in a diagnosis of linear electronic circuits with the aid of different technologies: conventional measurement systems, testing buses and neural networks. They can be utilised in practice for localisation and identification of single, double and triple faults. Examples illustrating the methods and the neural network application are included.

Measurement, in the wide sense, is defined as a process of empirical, objective assignment of symbols to attributes of objects and events of the real world, in such a way as to describe them. Strictly defined measurement is defined as measurement that conforms to the paradigm of the physical sciences. Weakly defined measurement is measurement in the wide sense, but which is not strongly defined. Strongly and weakly defined measurements are analysed and compared. They are compared with other forms of symbolic representation.

In this paper we propose the weak t-norm (wt-norm) based arithmetics to describe the propagation of systematic as well as statistical inexactness. We use the general term “inexactness” to express all possible approaches of inaccuracy evaluations. In the presented theory the measurement results are fuzzy intervals. The arithmetic operators are obtained by applying the generalisation of Zadeh’s extension principle based on the wt-norm. The averaging operator defined in the framework of wt-norm arithmetic decreases the statistical component, and does not change the systematic component of inexactness. We are of the opinion that statistical method, preferred in the Guide, is not adequate to describe the systematic effects.