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Jodie G Pope, Christopher J Crowley
REMOVING THE HYDROCARBON FROM HYDROCARBON LIQUID FLOW STANDARDS

NIST and other laboratories calibrate meters that measure the flow of valuable liquids such as petroleum products. Historically, these calibration have been conducted using Stoddard solvent. Laboratories using Staddard solvent must content with flammability, inhalation toxicity and hazardous waste disposal requirements. In response to health and safety concerns, we modified NIT's piston-prover flow stabdards so that calibrations are now conducted with mixtures of propylene glycol and water (PG + W).

Anders Niemann, John Frederiksen, Jan Nielsen
A NEW FACILITY FOR CALIBRATION OF FLOW METERS FOR COOLING APPLICATIONS

A new test set-up for calibration of flow meters used in cooling applications has been established at Danish Technological Institute. The calibration set-up is based on reference metering with a Coriolis type flow meter. It consists of a closed conduit by means of a piping system for circulating a coolant mixture (e.g. 60/40 ethylene glycol/water mixture)in series through the reference flow meter and the meter under test. The coolant mixture is cooled through a pipe-in-pipe exchanger using CO2 as refrigerant.Traceability of the reference flow meter is realized by means of a weighing system, which is also a part of the facility, so that the reference flow meter can be calibrated on a running basis. The facility is designed for a media temperature ranging from -20 °C to 20 °C and a flow range up to 30 m³/h.

Kar-Hooi Cheong, N Furuichi, R Doihara, T Shimada, Y Terao
IN-HOUSE COMPARISON BETWEEN SMALL HYDROCARBON FLOW FACILITY AND SMALL WATER FLOW FACILITY AT NMIJ

Continuing efforts to expand the calibration range of small liquid hydrocarbon flow facility at NMIJ is being carried out.

Sejong Chun, Byung-Ro Yoon, Hae-Man Choi
UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION OF A LIQUID FLOW STANDARD SYSTEM WITH SMALL FLOW RATES

A liquid flow standard system has been used to calibrate liquid volume of a fuel-oil flow meter at small flow rates between 50 L/h and 700 L/h. However, the system has not been used to calibrate volume flow rate because the system runs at the standing-start-and-finish mode. To calibrate the volume flow rate of the fuel-oil flow meter, a flow diverter was installed and its performance was estimated in terms of measurement uncertainty. Diversion timing errors were corrected by linear curve fitting between measured and corrected elapsed time. Uncertainty contributions of the diversion timing errors amounted more than 60 % of the total uncertainty levels. The expanded uncertainty of volume flow rate was estimated to be more than 0.55 % in (50 ~ 700) L/h (k = 2.26) when the collected weight of liquid was about 10 kg. The expanded uncertainty became larger as the collected liquid weight was reduced.

Rainer Engel, Hans-Joachim Baade
QUANTIFYING IMPACTS ON THE MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY IN FLOW CALIBRATION ARISING FROM DYNAMIC FLOW EFFECTS

Traceability of the measurement units in fluid flow metering, as the state-of-the-art approach, is practiced as a so-called element-by-element method which relies upon the idealistic assumption that the measurement process in a flow calibration facility can be run under exact steady-state conditions, i.e. absolutely no fluctuations of the flow quantities are assumed to occur during the flow measurement process. Practical experiences, combined with a model-based analytical view of the measurement process in a flow standard, have revealed that dynamic impacts on the measurement uncertainty due to flow rate fluctuations have to be taken into account, in addition to the steady-state traceability chain.

Carlo Marinari
THE NEW INRIM PRIMARY STANDARD OF WATER FLOW RATE

In 2011, INRIM opened a noteworthy upgrading work to plane an extensive renovation of the national water flow rate primary standard, to get better its structural features and to increasing its metrological performance. The paper presents the main activity of revamping of the INRIM liquid flow calibration rig in order improve its flow rate range and, mainly, to update its ancillary instrumentation towards a more modern approach to signal conditioning, by introducing automatic and user-friendly control of the measurement-taking process.

Tao Meng, Chi Wang, Feng Gao, Chao Xing, Liang Zhang
DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSFER STANDARD IN WATER FLOW COMPARISON

The design of transfer standard is one of the most important factors of the success of comparison. 13 legal metrology laboratories participated in the recent Chinese water flow standard facility comparison. The transfer standard consisted of a velocity flowmeter transfer standard package (TSP) and a Coriolis mass flowmeter TSP were designed by the pilot laboratory. The velocity flowmeter TSP included one turbine flowmeter and one electromagnetic flowmeter which were assembled in series, and two types of flowmeter with different principle played a complementary role to ensure the reliability of the transfer standard. The mass flowmeter TSP can be tested on different calibration systems in one laboratory by special pipes designed, which supported a laboratory internal comparison. The double packages transfer standard provided a lot of wealth of information for comparison result analysis. It was also found that some participated facilities had deficiencies like bad water quality and leak of diverter. The experimental analysis of TSPs helped these laboratories to improve their facilities.

Miroslava Benkova, Ivan Mikulecky
PRIMARY STANDARD AND TRACEABILITY CHAIN FOR MICROFLOW OF LIQUIDS

To enlarge calibration capacity of existing liquid flow test bench in CMI - Czech Republic to lower flows a new primary test bench using gravimetric method at atmopheric conditions is being established. The range of flow (0,001 - 100) mL/min.

L. J. Huang
FLOW METROLOGY STANDARD FOR MICROFLUIDICS

Many current chemical, medical and pharmaceutical applications require precise measurement of fluidic flow in microfluidic regime where traditional flow metrology standards are obsolete or unavailable. It is often mandatory on the other hand for the flow metrology agency to provide certifications of any possible products in services. In this paper we present a systematic study from liquid from below 150 µL/sec in the flow channels smaller than 800 µm in diameter. The transportation, pressure, composition, temperature and other ambient effects are measured for the metrological effects. MEMS flow sensing technology with thermal time-of-flight operation mode and calorimetric mode is used as the benchmark to test various flow metrology standard methodology (e.g. gravimetrical, optical, and vibrational) such that a fast calibration metrology standard could be established to certify the available products on markets.

Hugo Bissig, Martin Tschannen, Marc de Huu
MICRO FLOW FACILITY FOR TRACEABILITY IN STEADY AND PULSATING FLOW

Micro and nano flow calibrations are important in several medical applications such as drug delivery where the knowledge of the exact amount of the delivered drug is crucial for efficient health care treatment and safety of the patient. However, international traceability in the micro and nano flow is not validated up to date for flow rate ranges below 33 μl/min. METAS develops in the framework of the EMRP project “HLT07 Metrology for Drug Delivery” a primary standard to cover the flow rate range from 1 ml/min down to 100 nl/min. The setup of the facility and the working principle are addressed in this paper.

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