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R. Catuogno, F. Porfiri, G. L. Tacchi
Survey for the enhancement of the archaeological sites of the Phlegraean Fields: the "Agrippina Sepulchre" in Bacoli

In conjunction with a collaboration with the Superintendence for Archaeological Heritage of Naples for an updating of previous surveys with advanced and integrated methodologies and techniques, we would like to present the first results of the study on the "Agrippina Sepulchre" in Bacoli inside the Archaeological Park of Baia Terme.

Angelo Corallo, Marco Esposito, Giovanna Mangialardi, Laura Schina
Process Innovation for Cultural Heritage digitalization and valorisation

This paper aims to show a case of process innovation, based on the design and development of an ICT platform named "DiCeT Archeo", based on the Rudiae Archaeological Site located in Lecce (Italy). The main purpose of the study is to bring process innovation within the Cultural Heritage Lifecycle, focusing on cultural resources with a significant economic value, as for example in terms of tourist spending. The methodological approach includes the modelling of the processes involved in the data collection, from the phase of survey to the valorisation, to provide a new method for the exploitation of the Cultural Heritage, considered as a complex, heterogeneous and still fragmented sector. The main innovation of the methodology consists in the application of techniques widely applied in the manufacturing and business domains, on the archaeological domain.

Carla Di Biccari, Ada Malagnino, Angelo Corallo, Giorgio Zavarise
Building Information Modeling for Cultural Heritage: Beyond Asset Modeling. A pragmatic comparison of literature case studies

The Building Information Modeling is an innovative approach based on two main pillars: new technologies and a collaborative work environment. It includes the creation of a digital container where all the information about the building and its lifecycle are dynamically allocated. Whilst the use of BIM in the management phase represents a unexpressed potentiality, the exploitation of the 3D virtual model could give a multiplicity of benefits, above all as regards big and historical buildings that are complex to manage. This paper wants to give a contribution to clarify what happens after modeling the cultural heritage with the principles of HBIM –Historical BIM- and managing its documentation. The authors analysed, with a pragmatic approach, a series of case studies documented in literature. The analysis led to highlight strengths and weakness of current approaches and a possible framework to overcome them.

Gürkan Semiz, Bahadır Duman
Preliminary Findings on Agricultural History of Ancient Tripolis on the Maeander (Denizli – SW Turkey) in the Roman Period

The ancient city of Tripolis is located within the town of Yenicekent in Buldan district of Denizli Province in southwest Anatolia [1]. In this study, we shall demonstrate the different dimensions of archaeological landscapes using the case of Tripolis, based on both mythological and biological features of some selected plants widely used for domestication and agricultural trades. For these purposes, some seed remains found at Tripolis and some plant motifs depicted in wall paintings are studied from the agricultural perspective. Additionally, olive and grape production in Tripolis and its vicinity is explored in past and today. Large quantities of Olea europea L. (olive), Vitis vinifera L. (grape) and some grains were found at the excavation site indicating the storage of agricultural surplus. We also found many different biological figures on the walls of buildings and some other ruins excavated. The findings in the area support the view that the agricultural economy of the region depended on olives, grapes and grains.

Adriana Bandiera, Francesco Meo, Angelo Cammalleri, Catia Bianco, Jean-Angelo Beraldin
Comparison of two well-established 3D acquisition techniques on a small fragmental artefact of a few cubic centimeters

The aim of this study is to obtain 3D digital models of small and opaque ceramic fragments with 3D acquisition techniques. One of these fragments used for the experiment was retrieved during an excavation campaign at Muro Leccese, Italy. That ceramic fragment is characterised by a relatively small size (3.5 cm x 4 cm x 0.4 cm), with a slight curvature and specular paintings. We investigated the use of two well-established 3D data acquisition techniques available at the university’s 3D laboratory, i.e., high resolution laser scanning and multi-view dense stereo based on polarised light. The creation of two metrically correct 3D models similar to the real artefact that are both functional and simple to display, as a result. The digital model presented us with the possibility to identify the correct inclination of the fragment in order to identify the ceramic form.

Tomasz Bednarz
Virtual Open-Air Museum of Wrecks in the Gulf of Gdansk. 3D digitalization of underwater archaeological sites

In 2015, National Maritime Museum in Gdansk (NMM) have launched the "Virtual Open-Air Museum of Wrecks in the Gulf of Gdansk". This website presents photogrammetric 3D models of wrecks from the Gulf of Gdansk created in the NMM since 2013. Museum have developed an effective system aimed at compilation of records of underwater objects which has made it possible to create the 3D models featured on the website. Apart from their aesthetic qualities, the featured 3D models of wrecks constitute careful copies of the objects and make it possible to create sections, projections and animation of any kind. The website now contains thirteen 3D models of wrecks with their descriptions, photo and video documentation. By the end of 2018, NMM is planning to post on the website www.wsw.nmm.pl eight more wrecks from the Gulf of Gdansk and more wrecks in the next years.

M. J. dos Anjos, J.T. de Assis, R. Cesareo, S. Ridolfi, R. T. Lopes, R. S. dos Santos, H. S. Gama Filho, D. F. Oliveira
Gilding Thickness Measurements Using EDXRF-Analysis

When a multi layered object such as a gilded material is analyzed by means of energy-dispersive Xray fluorescence (EDXRF), then one of the most serious problems consists in identifying for each element the correct layer, and in determining the thickness of the various layers, and particularly of the gilding. These questions can be solved, in many cases, by measuring the internal ratio of each element,i.e. the Kα/Kβ or Lα/Lβ–ratios of the various elements below the gilding (Cu, Ag, Pb) and of gold. In facto Kα/Kβ or Lα/Lβ – ratios are tabulated for infinitely thin samples; anomalous values for a given element may depend on the position and thickness of the layer in which the element is located,and on the thickness and composition of the superimposed layer. In this paper the ratios Kα/Kβ and Lα/Lβ are calculated in the case of gilded artifact as a function of material and thickness of the corresponding layer. Various examples are described: Gate to paradise on gilded bronze by Lorenzo Ghiberti in the baptistry of Florence; an inscription on gilded bronze on the top of the Trevi fountain in Rome; the carriage of king of Brazil Dom Pedro II on wood with superimposed a lead pigment and gilded.

Maria Letizia Amadori, Mara Camaiti, Valentina Raspugli, Yoshifumi Maekawa, Ko Kyi Lin
Non-invasive and Micro-invasive Investigations on Wall Paintings from a XIII century Temple in Bagan Valley (Myanmar)

On August 24, 2016, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck central Myanmar, seriously damaging and partially destroying more than 300 structures in Bagan Archaeological Zone. Department of Archaeology, UNESCO Bangkok Office and Japan International Cooperation Agency collected information about the damage to the cultural heritage caused by the earthquake. In February and July 2017, a scientific survey concerning XIII centuries wall paintings of temple Me-taw-ya, located in the south of Myinkaba village in Bagan site, carried out. It was supported by Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties (TNRICP). As a part of a previous project, preliminary investigations were carried out to acquire information on constitutive materials and construction technology of wall paintings. The conservation state of wall paintings and the presence of non-original materials were also investigated. The goal of the present study is to obtain appropriate technical scientific information to draw up a "practical code" to be adopted in wall paintings restoration.

Andrea Azelio Mencaglia, Iacopo Osticioli, Loredana Gallo, Daniele Ciofini, Salvatore Siano
An innovative Raman scanner for rapid and controlled molecular mapping of painted surfaces

In this work, a novel Raman scanner capable of performing point-to-point mapping of relatively large surface of paintings is presented. This device employs an excitation wavelength of 1064 nm and it is equipped with a high efficiency probe in order to collect the back-scattered light from each point of analysis. The use of long depth-of-field optics as well as an auto focus system allowed maintaining the best conditions for the Raman signal acquisition during the scanning, regardless of the surface irregularities. The small dimension of the optical components and the reasonable size of mechanical parts made this instrumentation particularly suitable for on-site measurements. Finally, the Raman scanner was also equipped with an online temperature control using a thermal sensor, which allows modulating automatically the output power of the laser source in order to prevent overheating and alteration effects during the scanning process.

Lidia La Mendola, Elio Lo Giudice, Giovanni Minafò, Giuseppe Navarra, Vincenzo Valenti
Evaluation of Flat Jack Test Method Effectiveness for Masonry Structural Investigations

Flat jack testing method is one of the most commonly used techniques for the structural assessment of existing masonry structures. Single and double flat jack are commonly adopted to evaluate the acting normal stress, or the compressive behaviour of masonry material. Test procedures are codified by international standards (e.g. A.S.T.M D4729-87; C1196-04; C1197-04, R.I.L.E.M TC 177–MDT D.4; R.I.L.E.M. TC 177–MDT D.5), which provide the preliminary calibration of an experimental coefficient (km), which determination influences significantly the reliability of the test. This paper presents the result of an experimental study on the calibration of km coefficient for flat jacks. The problem is investigated by several tests carried out at DISMAT Laboratory in Canicattì (Italy). Different types of flat jacks made by different manufacturers are considered, and two calibration methods are adopted in order to relate the pressure values of the flat jack with those of the hydraulic press and obtaining the coefficient km. Results of this investigation highlighted the influence of materials used and production technology for the flat jacks for obtaining reliable results from the tests on masonry structures.

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