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Daniel Belega, Robert Pazsitka, Dan Stoiciu
Accurate Measurement of the RMS Value by Means of an Analog Multiplier-based RMS-to-DC Converter

This paper investigates the influence of the accuracy of the op-amp used by the square root circuit on the accuracy of the root mean square (rms) measurement achieved by means of an analog multiplier-based rms-to-dc converter implemented using the direct method. The rms measurement accuracy achieved using the internal op-amp of the multiplier is compared through experimental results with that achieved using more accurate op-amps, namely TL082 and OPA277. The analyzed rms-to-dc converter is implemented using the Texas Instruments Analog System Lab Kit (ASLK) PRO board equipped with MPY64 analog multipliers. The experimental data are obtained by means of a dedicated experimental setup.

Lucian Nita, Ferran Torrent-Fontbona
Cloud Based Acquisition System for Diabetic Data

The paper presents a system which collects medical data from people with type 1 diabetes mellitus, stores the data into a cloud database and implements web pages for data analysis. This system architecture gives possibility to clinicians and patients to share information about patient evolution without the need for the patient to physically visit the hospital. The system includes a clinical decision support system which helps the patient on insulin doses calibration.

Jia Zhengsen, Liu Zhiyao, Wang Lei, Huang Hongtao, Liu Lijuan
Design and Implementation of Differential AC Voltage Sampling System based on PJVS

Firstly, a differential sampling measurement principle is introduced, then based on this principle, we have developed a precision differential sampling system to measure sine-wave sources with the use of a quantumaccurate ac programmable Josephson voltage standard. And switching measurement technology is adopted in the differential sampling system design. By analyzing the error source of the differential sampling system, a mathematical model is established and the error transfer function is derived.We have performed a variety of measurements to evaluate this differential sampling system. Firstly, the basis of FLUKE 5720A transition process is analyzed, and the selection scheme of sampling window is described. After averaging, the uncertainty obtained in the determination of FLUKE 5720A 1 VRMS amplitudesine wave at 60 Hz is 0.3 µV/V (type A), the uncertainty obtained in the determination of PJVS 1 V RMS amplitude sine wave at 60 Hz is 0.05 µV/V (type A).

D. De Zanet, M. Battiston, E. Lombardi, A. Da Ponte, R. Specogna, F. Trevisan, A. Affanni, M. Mazzucato
Blood components characterization for preanalytical rapid quality controls through impedance measurements

In clinical laboratories the requirements for quality control material have greatly increased in order to evaluate and monitor the reliability of performances. Pre-analytical conditions of blood samples are key factors in maintaining the high quality of the specimens and they are necessary for the reproducibility and the accuracy of measurements and procedures in clinic. Using quality control samples, day-today and batch variations can be limited. The quality of the serum has to be very high in order to avoid interferences due to hemolysis; for this reason, every sample should be rapidly tested with smart and portable devices. In addition, the quality of whole blood preservation should be quantified in a fast way to guarantee the complete compatibility and avoid anomalies, for example before blood transfusion. A new simple impedance-based biosensor is proposed for ensuring the reliability of patient sample results. Comparing and combining the data of impedance measurements, this technique has been applied for the fast discrimination of different blood components, the identification of hemolysis in serum samples and the rapid and automatic evaluation of blood quality, as demonstrated by the presented preliminary results.

Tiffany Haas, Michael S. J. Walter, Stefan Weiherer, Alexandru Salceanu
Increasing the driving range of electric vehicles using secondary energies – a review

The on-going electrification of the mobility sector requires intensive research studies on several topics, such as energy storage systems and electric charging infrastructure as well as sustainable air conditioning. In winter performance losses reduce capacity and range of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) extremely. Furthermore, heating the passenger compartment exacerbates this. Hence,a lot of research is going on, regarding the support of the heating system in BEVs. The subject of this review is the state of the art of air conditioning systems. Alternative energy supplying concepts, which will provide the BEV with secondary, auxiliary energy (heating, cooling, and electricity) are discussed. Fuel operated heaters (FOHs) run by renewable bioethanol seem to make a great prospect to future air conditioning (heating and cooling). Subsequently, a view is given on alternative air conditioning concepts, such as area or layer heaters. Researches show that air conditioning systems have to work more decentralized and directly, saving energy consumptions and thus increase the range. The most promising and explored approaches are discussed. The paper closes with a conclusion and an outlook.

Paolo Castello, Carlo Muscas, Paolo Attilio Pegoraro, Sara Sulis
New Approach for Measurement Data Handling in Cloud-Based Synchrophasor Systems for Smart Grids

The classical Wide-Area Monitoring System (WAMS) ischaracterized by a hierarchical architecture composed of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and different levels of Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs). The WAMS based on synchrophasor technology was originally designed for transmission systems; nevertheless, with the development of the smart grid paradigm, the benefits of this technology are being extended to the distribution network. Normally, PMUs send measurement data ata high and constant reporting rate to guarantee the monitoring of dynamic events in the electric transmission network.However, the typical communication systems expected to be used by distribution system operators will be generally shared and/or public and,in this case, the bandwidth available among PMUs and PDCs, or among the PDCs and the control center, is strictly dependent on the type of communication channel used and on thelevel of network traffic. In this context, a new transmission logic for thetransfer of data between PMUs and PDCs can be implemented. The strategy proposed in this paper is to increase the measurementreporting rate only when the electric system changes from a steady-state condition to a dynamic and potentially unsafe condition. The risk of losing important information related to the dynamic event is mitigated by sending the PDC measurements relating to pre-trigger events aggregated in the first data packet following the event detection.

Charalampos Marantos, Kostas Siozios, Stylianos Siskos, Norocel Codreanu
Decision-Making Mechanisms for CyberPhysical Systems: Challenges and Opportunities for their Implementation with Low-Cost Embedded Device

A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is considered as one of the hottest computer applications today, while a proper design of such a system preassumes that a number of challenges have to be sufficiently addressed. A CPS is composed by a tight integration of cyber and physical objects, where the term cyber objects refers to any computing hardware/software resources that can achieve computation, communication, and control functions in a discrete, logical, and switched environment. Similarly, the physical entities refer to any natural or human-made systems that are governed by the laws of physics and operate in continuous time. In order to address these challenges, three complementary technologies, namely sensing, computing and communication have to be proper combined. Critical role to any cyberphysical system is the decisionmaking mechanism, which controls the individual entities/services in order all of them to be orchestrated and operate as a unique system. For this purpose, both the cyber and physical aspects of a CPS have to be appropriately designed, implemented and customized in order to maximize the potential gains from these platforms.

Cosmin Pintilie, Adrian Plesca, Andrei Hojbota
Temperature Measurements for Industrial Applications Using Virtual Instrumentations

The paper want to present how to realize a temperature measurements system for industrial applications who could be transferred to a domestic application regard of how to automatically heating the water, from a input value (around 5 Celsius degree) until an high output value (around 60-65 Celsius degree). Heated water could be used in different industrial technological processes (heating, supply, cleaning, washing etc.), also at domestic houses or office buildings to prepare hot water. In this paper it’s described a temperature monitoring system for water which circulates through an automatic heating system – tankless, who have the advantage to use a small dimensions and could be mount in narrow spaces.

S. Ursache, E. Lunca, A. Salceanu, I. Pavel
Study on the Relationship between Magnetic Fields Generated by Home Appliances and Associated Drawn Currents

The exponential development of technology involves the usage of a larger and larger number of modern equipment, including household appliances. This fact is directly linked with the increase of the background level of low frequency magnetic fields. The main objective of this paper is to study the relationship between the low frequency magnetic field generated by the household appliances and the current consumption. The measurement system consists of the hand-held triple axis 480826 EMF Tester from Extech Instruments and 80i-400 clamp meter from Fluke. We have taken into account a number of 21 household appliances, the measuring point being always at 30 cm from source and 1 m above the ground or floor.

Ionel Pavel, Valeriu David, Silviu Ursache
On a Survey of the Magnetic Field in a Commercial Area

In this paper we present the human exposure of low frequency magnetic field in a commercial area. To realize the study, we used two measurement instruments to obtain both spot measurements and the long term survey of the magnetic field. Referring to the spatial variability, we realised a map and graphical representations of the magnetic field at different heights, inside the commercial area. The magnetic field variability with height from the floor it was determined in two cases: when the equipments were connected or disconnected from the power supply network. The highest value of the magnetic field was identified near F1 freezer, when it is connected to the power supply network (1272 nT). Also, the maximum value of the magnetic field collected in the commercial area studied was under 2 µT. Compared to the maximum values allowed by ICNIRP, this value is less than 2 %.

Page 290 of 977 Results 2891 - 2900 of 9762