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P. Fisicaro
JOINT RESEARCH PROJECT “METROLOGY FOR BIOFUELS”

This paper describes the ongoing European research project “Metrology for Biofuels”, which deals with the development of metrological references for selected chemical parameters and physical properties of first generation liquid biofuels.

Andrew S. Brown , Dai N. Jones, Martin J. T. Milton, Michael L. Downey, Gergely M. Vargha, Adriaan M. H. van der Veen, Hugo Ent, Karine Arrhenius, Dirk Tuma
TOWARDS A EUROPEAN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE CHARACTERISATION OF ENERGY GASES

This paper describes the work being undertaken in the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) ‘Characterisation of Energy Gases’ project to develop traceable, high-accuracy measurement methods to underpin the characterisation of non-conventional energy gases.
The project will provide a metrology infrastructure to underpin the ‘interchangability’ of greener, more environmentally friendly energy gases (e.g. biogas, coal bed methane and coal mine methane) so that gaseous fuels from non-conventional sources can access gas grids across Europe.

T. Funck
METROLOGY FOR ENERGY HARVESTING

Energy harvesting is the use of e.g. thermocouples or piezoelectric generators for the conversion of ambient energy resulting from human activity and environmental energy flows in the form of waste heat, movement and vibration, into usable electrical energy. In the described project traceable methods for measuring energy, power and efficiency are being developed.

T. Lederer, B. Hay, P. Milota, R. Strnad, K. Riski, G. Kok, L. Chapman, A. Andersson, J. Frederiksen, K. Anhalt, S. Rudtsch, P. Lau
EMRP PROJECT ENG06 POWERPLANTS: METROLOGY FOR IMPROVED POWER PLANT EFFICIENCY

Large scale power plants based on nuclear or conventional fuel provide about 80 % of generated electricity in the EU and nearly 90 % of hot water used for district heating. As electric energy cannot be stored in significant amounts it has to be generated at the time of use. Consequently, a mix of basic, medium and peak load power plants is necessary in order to balance consumption and production. Despite the necessity of renewable energy, large scale power plants will form the backbone for the secure supply of energy for the next few decades. It is therefore of outstanding importance to increase the energy efficiency of such power plants.

Klaus-Dieter Sommer, Stefan Sarge
ENERGY MEASUREMENT AND STANDARDS – THE CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGE

The establishment of a reliable, efficient and sustainable energy supply as well as of achieving efficient use/consumption form one of the grand challenges and technological mega trends of today and the decades to come. Today, energy research and development and even field measurements for novel and renewable energies, for transmission and distribution, for (future) large-scale energy storage as well as for new energy-efficient solutions are significantly lacking in appropriate measurement technologies, future strategies, measurement standards and traceability schemes. An overview is given on the most relevant open questions and challenges to measurement and metrology. The known approaches chosen are briefly mentioned. Special attention is drawn to the current metrological research for the energy field within the EMRP.

Elena Iliescu, Rodica Iancu, Sorin Bercea, Georgeta Iancso
RESEARCH REGARDING A NATIONAL RADON INDOOR MAPPING - FIRST RESULTS

EURATOM recommends through “EC Recommendation 90/ l43”, protecting the public against Rn indoor exposure by raising new buildings or solutions for renovating the old ones, so that the volume activity of Rn does not exceed a certain effective equivalent dose. In Romania there does not exist an official map of Rn and neither a database for charting. For the recovery of Romania left behind in this field we have proposed to study and to evaluate Rn risks over Romania’s territory and started using the database from pilot areas (Caras Severin and Hunedoara); elaborating a new software in order to evaluate Rn risks transfer factor to uncovered areas by measured data and in the and to elaborate a set of documents which can be the basis of a legislative decision regarding the action level.

I. Durickovic, G. Derombise, L. Framont-Terrasse, S. Thomann, M. Marchetti
SALT IN SOILS: EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS METHODS

We demonstrate the importance of the sample preparation and extraction procedure for the soil salinity study. A comparison between the most commonly used techniques for the evaluation of salt amount in samples is presented. Several sample preparation and salt extraction procedures were tested. We calculated the efficiency for each procedure thanks to the preparation of soil samples with a precisely known salinity. This enabled us to determine which sample preparation and extraction procedure gives the best efficiency and accuracy. Hence, a series of measurement with the atomic absorption and potentiometry dosing was performed, these being the most commonly used techniques for the evaluation of salt amount in an aqueous sample. The goal of this study is to develop an analysis method for soils contaminated with road salt. The identification of the sample preparation offering the best efficiency will be selected in order to apply it for the development and the implementation of a new optical technique for the soil salinity determination.

P. Spitzer, K.-D. Sommer,
METROLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN EARTH OBSERVATION

An overview is given on relevant climate observation needs. The main focus is on the use of remote monitoring of the Earth system. Only global observation from space can provide the necessary information to support politics in the development of appropriate mitigation strategies to respond to climate change. The harsh environment of space limits the uncertainty of measurement results currently attainable from remote monitoring. In the specific case of climate this is often a factor of ten larger than required by the community. The necessity for reduced uncertainty has move forward the implementation of metrological traceability by the GEO (Group on Earth Observation) community. As a consequence a Quality Assurance framework (QA4EO) has been established to facilitate interoperability of GEO systems.
The metrological challenges of a reliable earth observation for climate change detection and verification are discussed.

A. Lay-Ekuakille, P. Vergallo, A. Massaro, D. Caratelli, A. Trotta, R. Malaric
VIDEO SURVEILLANCE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING OF PIPELINE LIQUID FLOW

The quality and the quantity of liquid fluid flow in pipelines is a crucial issue for human beings’ daily life, especially for leak detection. The control and managing of pipelines have been assuming a major importance for all kinds of fluids to be conveyed through. When the fluid is like oil, hazardous fluid and/or water for human beings’ necessity, the monitoring of pipelines becomes extremely fundamental. For complex pipeline networks, even if flowmeters deliver data about fluid quantities, they cannot be used for each part of a complex and extended network because of heavy increasing costs. The research proposes the use of video surveillance in terms of video validation of a magnetic flowmeter in order to measure the amount of fluid by using only video camera located on an analog flowmeter. A specific algorithm has been developed to process liquid frames.

Octavian Postolache, Pedro Silva Girão
MOBILE SOLUTION FOR AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND RESPIRATION ACTIVITY MONITORING BASED ON AN ANDROID OS SMART PHONE

Air pollution is a major environmental risk to health causing premature deaths worldwide. In these conditions, the development of reliable and accurate mobile systems that measure the indoor air quality together with other parameters associated with health status of the people working or living in specified spaces represents an important challenge. The paper presents the design and implementation of a mobile air quality and respiration activity monitoring system including multi-channel Bluetooth compatible smart sensors that deliver the information to a smart phone running an Android operating system (OS). An embedded software developed in Java for the smart phone platform assures the air quality and respiration data processing, graphical user interface including alarm generation, and data synchronization with a remote database through Wi-Fi or 3G/UMTS service. Experimental results associated with air quality and subject’s respiration sensing as well as the smart phone software implementation are included in the paper.

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