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Petar Mostarac, Roman Malarić, Goran Petrović
MEASUREMENT OF FREQUENCY SPECTRUM WITH INTERPOLATED ADAPTIVE CHIRP-Z TRANSFORMATION

In this paper Adaptive Chirp transform (ACT) and Chirp-z transform (CZT) for measurements of frequency spectrum are presented. Algorithms are adjusted according to IEC 61000-4-7 standard. Interpolated ACT with narrowed frequency span is used for Phase Lock Loop (PLL) synchronization. The CZT is used along with windows function, to obtain the amplitudes of signal harmonics and interharmonics. Window function length is defined by PLL. All parts of proposed algorithm are tested through various simulations with changing parameters of analysed signals. This paper shows that CZT can be adjusted to synchronization and measurement of frequency spectrum. Results are comparable to the traditional approach (DFT) and completely satisfy the needs according to standard IEC 61000-4-7.

Jakub Wagner, Paweł Mazurek, Roman Z. Morawski
REGULARISED DIFFERENTIATION OF MEASUREMENT DATA

The paper is devoted to the numerical differentiation of measurement data. A new method, based on analytical differentiation of the least-squares approximation of data by means of shifted trigonometric functions, is proposed. It is compared with the most popular method of central difference and with a specialised version of the Kalman filter. Some conclusions, concerning metrological applicability of all three methods, are drawn.

Natallia Makarava, Sascha Eichstädt
STOCHASTIC MODELING FOR STATE ESTIMATION IN MIDDLE-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC GRIDS

We present two stochastic modelling approaches to improve state estimation in low and medium-voltage grids. First, a dynamic model for a disturbance observer state estimation is proposed, which introduces a stochastic component into the disturbance dynamics. Second, an approach based on a stochastic electrical power generation model is considered. This model is based on PV data and incorporates information about the seasons and the type of the PV generation units.

Ignacio Lira, Dieter Grientschnig
THE COSINE ERROR: AN EXAMPLE OF A MODEL WITH NON-REPETITIVE SYSTEMATIC EFFECTS

An inconsistency with respect to variable transformations in our previous treatment of the cosine error example with repositioning (Metrologia, vol. 47, pp. R1–R14) is pointed out and three remedial procedures are proposed. The problem refers to the measurement of the vertical height of a column of liquid in a manometer. A systematic effect arises because of the possible deviation of the measurement axis from the vertical, which may be different each time the measurement is performed. The proposed procedures are: a) merging of independent probability density functions for the measurand and the non-repetitive systematic effect transformed to a common parameterization; b) straightforward application of Bayesian statistics using a conditional reference prior with partial information; and c) an ad hoc procedure based on interpreting the measured quantities and the different influences of the systematic effect as points in Cartesian coordinates. Of these, procedure b) is the most sound theoretically.

Aldo Baccigalupi, Annalisa Liccardo
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS IN NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS THROUGH THE HUANG HILBERT TRANSFORM

The paper deals with the use of the Huang Hilbert Transform (HHT) for the analysis of transient signals in non linear circuits. Differently from traditional methods that decompose a signal as the sum of apriori adopted waveforms, HHT procedure decomposes the signal of interest in oscillatory modes aposteriori determined, in dependence on the signal characteristics, giving, thus, a better information about the physical characteristics of the observed system.
The performance of the proposed analysis method has been evaluated by applying the HHT to the current acquired from an actual RLC circuit during its free natural oscillation. The circuit involves a saturable inductor, therefore the HHT capability of providing physically meaningful information accounting for both non stationarity and non linearity has been appreciated.

Ekaterina Lapina, Andrey Lapin
MINIMIZATION OF PRESSURE SENSORS TRANSFORMATION FUNCTIONS FOR A GIVEN MEASUREMENT ACCURACY

The paper presents a brief analysis of works associated with the choice of transformation functions for smart pressure sensors. The notion of complexity factor and offer a way to assess the complexity of models for different types of transformation functions was given.

Beata Krupanek, Ryszard Bogacz
A SIMULATIONS OF PERFORMANCE ALGORITHMS USED IN MULTI NODES WIRELESS SYSTEMS

Paper presents a study under the Quality of Service in modern wireless sensor networks. Such a networks are characterized by small amount of data transmitted in fixed periods. Very often this data must by transmitted in real time so data transmission delays should be well known. This article shows multimode network simulated in packet OPNET Modeler. Also nowadays the quality of services is very important especially in multi-nodes systems such a home automation or measurement systems.

Beata Krupanek, Ryszard Bogacz
APPLICATIONS OF WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MODEL IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT

The paper presents an application of probabilistic model to describe a radio propagation delay in indoor environment. Model is based of delta functions sequence to describe retransmissions between a transmitter and a receiver. Theoretical considerations have been verified by measurement results obtained by using the experimental system developed for investigating delays caused by external disturbances influencing the wireless transmission. One of such a commonly occurring disturbances are walls in building where the radio signal is propagating.

Anatoly Krivov, Fedor Hrapov
APPLICATION OF THE KALMAN FILTERING FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CALIBRATION UNCERTAINTY

The purpose of this paper is to show as the optimal linear filtering of measurements during calibration of the instrument can simultaneously consider the factors that affect the accuracy of estimates. The Kalman filter or linear quadratic estimation allows taking into account the previous changes of the device characteristics, the correlation between the points in the measurement range and working space.

Lenka Kovářová
MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY AND FUZZY MODELS

Measurement results of continuous quantities are not precise numbers, but more or less non-precise. They are connected with different kinds of uncertainty: Variability, errors, and fuzziness. This fuzziness of individual measurement results is different from errors, and the best up to date description of this imprecision is by fuzzy numbers. Examples will be given how to obtain the characterizing functions of fuzzy data, and to illustrate the generalized analysis method, which uses fuzzy models.

Page 346 of 977 Results 3451 - 3460 of 9762