Christian Mentin, Robin Priewald, Eugen Brenner
Parameter Estimation of a Laser Measurement Device Using Particle Swarm Optimization

The two-dimensional object’s position or object’s edge can be estimated from its multi-exposure shadow projection. This can be done using two bare Laser diodes projecting the object’s edge onto a CCD or CMOS sensor without the need of any additional optical elements such as collimation lenses. For simple triangulation methods, Sensor- and laser diode position play a very important role. The overall accuracy is mostly determined by the uncertainty of that parameters. This paper presents a possible approach to determine that parameters. Since deterministic methods suffer from badly shaped error functions, stochastic methods can deliver very good results, ending up in the global optimum. When using particle swarm optimization, it could be shown, that the remaining residual error of an estimated projected edge position can be significantly reduced. This error immediately effects the overall object’s position estimation accuracy, which can also be increased, in case the geometrical system parameters were determined using particle swarm optimization.

Lizhi Hu, Zhichao Ma, Jie Xu, Liang Xu, Junwei Yu, Lian Dong, Lei Lai, Yu Sang
Research on the Test Method of the Interior Noise of the Receiver Based on the Satellite Signal Simulator

High precision GNSS (Global navigation satellite systems) receiver is used for precision geodetic survey, crustal movement monitoring, engineering deformation monitoring, and integrity monitoring system and so on. The interior noise level is an important index to affect the positioning accuracy of GNSS receiver. Further research on the evaluation method of this paper in the detection of GNSS receiver's interior noise level; put forward the research of interior noise of GNSS receiver evaluation method based on satellite signal simulator. Based on the original zero baseline test principle, the radio frequency navigation signal generated by simulation is used to receiver test. From the test results, it can be seen that the measurement results of the simulator based on zero baseline test is 0.5 mm; the measurement results are 0.4 mm based on the real environment, and the measurement values are better than the 1 mm design requirements. Test results show that the high precision satellite signal simulator based on zero baseline tested results are feasible. However, with the increase of the baseline length, the baseline measurement error also increases. When the baseline length is greater than or equal to 10m, the baseline error is beyond the design requirements of the receiver's nominal target 1 mm. The simulation environment is repeatable and controllable, which can directly test the interior noise of the GNSS receiver without reference to the GNSS receiver configuration, which is convenient and effective.

Xuewei Wang, Yanjun Wang, Lei Wang, Xiaojuan Peng, Zhengsen Jia
Effect of Quantization Errors on Power Measurement Error Based on General Cyclostationary Stochastic Process

In digital energy metering systems, the effect of quantization errors on the power measurement error cannot be ignored. In this paper, to clearly analyze the effect, structural models of a digital energy metering system and a power measurement element (PME) are established. The propagation of errors among the internal components of the digital energy metering system is revealed in detail. A method for analyzing the effect of quantization errors on the power measurement error based on general cyclostationary stochastic process is proposed, and mathematical model for calculating the power measurement error affected by quantization errors is derived. The results by Monte Carlo simulation verify the validity of the proposed method. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed method for analyzing the effect of quantization errors on the power measurement error is universally applicable and solves the persistently unsolved analytical relation of the power measurement error considering the effect of quantization errors. The proposed method can serve as a theoretical basis for power measurement error estimation.

Michael S. J. Walter, Stefan Weiherer, Tiffany Haas, Dac L. Dao, Alexandru Sover
Acquisition and Filtering of Relevant Driving Parameters of Electric Cars

The increasing demand on alternatives to fossil-fuel-based mobility concepts goes hand in hand with a significant growth of research activities on electromobility. In consequence, an adequate data acquisition and preparation is highly required to quantify these research activities’ benefits. However, currentlyavailable electric cars do hardly support an easy and reliable data acquisition. This paper presents a procedure to gain and monitor relevant driving parameters of an electric car (Renault ZOE R240). Therefore, a filter application is applied to the raw data, gained via the on-board-diagnosis-protocol. The practical use of the procedure is shown in two test drives with the Renault ZOE.

Andrei Marinescu, Ionel Dumbravă, Lucian Mandache
Wide Band Current Transformer with Sensitivity Depending on the Measuring Signal Frequency

In many electrical engineering applications it is necessary to measure some complex current signals containing high frequency periodic components (MHz) or short duration pulses (ns) superimposed on a low frequency carrier signal (usually power line frequency). For the overall measurement of such complex signals, wide band current transformers (WBCT) are currently used. The paper refers to the achievement of a wide band current transformer whose sensitivity changes automatically with the frequency of the measuring current, so as it does not reach saturation at low frequency large signals.