The paper presents the principles and stages of forming a ball (metal head component) and a cup (polymeric acetabular component) constituting an artificial hip joint in the finishing process. The requirements of the standard specification ASTM F2033-12 concerning a method for measuring permissible limits of departure from roundness and roundness tolerance of examined elements were discussed. The obtained measurement results were analyzed and evaluated, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn and directions for further research were indicated.

In this study it is proposed the new measurement method for the diameter of a microsphere, which utilizes the whispering gallery mode (WGM). WGMs are the light propagation mode, so it is necessary to determine the mode number to the obtained WGM wavelength for the accurate diameter measurement. Using wide wavelength bandwidth and polarization control, it was possible to identify the mode number of the detected WGMs, which was conformed by comparison with the theoretical values. Finally, the diameter measurement was implemented and the results were compared with other measurement instrument, revealing the performance of the proposed technique, repeatability was greater than 10 nm and resolution was less than 1 nm.

Most of the roughness surface measurement instruments work basing on stylus measurement method. In this paper, the authors present the result of comparing surface roughness and form measurements based on stylus measurement method and non-contact optoNCDT sensor. The results of measurements of surface parameters for different surfaces are presented. It can make further possible to take this method into industry as fast surface measurement method in the systems of in-process control.

3D line is defined as a line in 3D space in general position with respect to the coordinate system. However, it is impossible to consider any line in dimensional metrology without respect of underlying geometry. The paper deals with 3D line located on freeform surface and introduces a new approach to process data measured along this line by tactile coordinate measuring. Three different methods of interpretation of measured data and form error determination are described here.

No upper limit exists for the classical measurement method based on length accumulation in series. By extending this method, such a characteristic can be used to solve many difficult problems such as measuring the diameter of a shaft, measuring the race diameter of a bearing, and measuring the pitch diameter of a thread screw, all with arbitrarily large sizes. If the calibration precision of the measuring units (accumulative objects) is sufficiently high, and different measuring units are accumulated in measurement, high precision can be obtained with this method.