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Jae-Hwa Hong, Jung Hun Park
Development of coating thickness gauge for magnetic coatings

A gauge to measure the coating thickness of magnetic coatings on non-magnetic base material has been developed by directly measuring the magnetic flux density between the coating and the permanant magnet. Magnetic induction method was found to be inadequate for measuring magnetic coating thickness which is greater than 0.4 mm. Magentic flux density was measured by Hall effect sensor and calibration curve was constructed by using the data acquired from 10 standard reference samples. The developed gauge can be used to measure non-magnetic coatings over magnetic substrate as well. The relative standard error was found to be 2.1% for nickle coatings on copper substrate.

Binnur Sagbas, M. Numan Durakbasa
Optimization of Frictional Heating Parameters of Artificial Joint Materials by Taguchi Approach

Previous measurements of frictional temperature rise on the surfaces of artificial joints have shown that temperature values could reach high levels that make hazardous effects on surrounding tissue and lubricant around the artificial joint. For reduction of this thermal damage, testing parameters and their effects were investigated by using Taguchi method and analysis of variance. Vitamin E blended ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (VE-UHMWPE) was used for acetabular inserts. These inserts were paired with CoCrMo femoral heads. In vitro frictional heating measurements were carried out on a custom made hip joint friction experimental set-up. 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm in diameter surface dimples were machined on the inner surface of acetabular cup samples. Different static loading, representing different body weights, applied with different walking duration. Bovine calf serum was used as lubricant and different amount of bone cement (PMMA) was added in the lubricant as third body abrasive particles. Temperature rises were recorded with embedded thermocouples. The experimental results demonstrated that the surface dimples were the major parameter on frictional heating, followed by applied load, amount of third body particles and time.

Zsolt János Viharos, Krisztián Balázs Kis
Increasing the artificial neural network based model building speed for supporting efficient technical diagnostics

The paper introduces an algorithm for increasing the speed for building up the general system model on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) basis. It finds that input/output configuration of the field analysed which realizes the most accurate estimation and explores the maximal number of dependencies among the related system parameters. The availability and the estimation capabilities of the needed system models are especially important for technical diagnostics in order to be able in differentiating between conform and nonconform situations. The performance of the novel solution is tested and evaluated under a field specific analysis applying the classical equations from the cutting theory. Experiments were done also for cutting diagnosis based on real measured parameters under varying conditions. These validations showed good empirical performance and practical applicability of the algorithm introduced. As result, the proposed algorithm increased significantly the speed of the model building stage.

Benedetto Allotta, Luigi Chisci, Pierluca D'Adamio, Susanna Papini, Luca Pugi
Design of an Automatic Train Operation (ATO) system based on CBTC for the management of driverless suburban railways

The interest of train signaling vendors in systems for driverless operation is gradually increasing in order to reduce the operational costs and improving the frequency of service. Many examples of installations all over the world follow the different available standards: VAL (Torino, Lilie, Rennes), SelTrac (London, Vancouver, Shangai), etc. In this paper the focus is placed on the Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) system, which is based on moving-block signaling. In particular, a design solution for the Automatic Train Operation (ATO) subsystem is presented. Numerical simulations in Matlab-Simulink obtained through the modeling of the train and of the track make it possible to compare the provided control logics, under realistic conditions including the presence of constraints imposed by the safety subsystems.
This work is part of the TRACE-IT project (Train Control Enhancement via Information Technology) financed by the Regione Toscana and that has ECM RAILWAY EVOLUTION company as leader project.

A. Biagini, R. Conti, E. Galardi, L. Pugi, E. Quartieri, A. Rindi, S. Rossin
Development of RT models for Model Based Control-Diagnostic and Virtual HazOp Analysis

The use of simulation tools for industrial system analysis is continuously increasing in Oil & Gas applications, (such as the development of lubricating systems). In particular Virtual HazOp (acronym of Hazard and Operability) analysis is an important tool to optimize the plant in terms of diagnostics for Maintainability, Safety, Risk assessment and management. Also the use of simulation tools can drastically increase speed, efficiency and reliability in the design process of safety critical systems. Authors, in collaboration whit GE-Nuovo Pignone, have developed a library of customizable models of thermal-hydraulic components, through an innovative thermal-hydraulic library, that is an extension of the Simscape libraries in Matlab-Simulink™. Furthermore, this tool is optimized for Fixed Step solvers to make easier the simulation of complex interactions with digital logic components, controllers and the fast prototyping of Real Time code. Aim of the proposed tool is non-destructive testing for production purposes. Results of the Virtual HazOp analysis are presented, according to the simulation of the model carried out, and automatically performed through a graphical user interface. In this work, two case studies are then presented: a lubrication system of an auxiliary system of a rotating machine and a RunDown Tank applied to a rotating machine.

Adrian Bilski, Jacek Wojciechowski
Fault detection in complex analog circuits using Support Vector Machines

The aim of this paper is to bring the reader closer to the diagnostics of complex analog systems with parametric faults, using Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a tool for fault location. The results of diagnostics of a video enhancer and two low-pass filters with the help of SVM network are presented, and various SVM kernel functions tested. A strategy for finding the optimal kernels and their parameters for the particular system under test is proposed. This paper is focused on linear systems diagnostics.

Jan Breuer, Vojtěch Vigner, Jaroslav Roztocil
Device for Precise Packet Delay Measurement

Node synchronization can be implemented in an Ethernet network using time protocols; e.g. IEEE 1588. Active network components like switches and routers influence a precision of the synchronization because they affect the packet delay in the network. Therefore, the delay is not constant and also the delay in one direction is not equal to the delay in the opposite direction.
This paper presents a low-cost device that can precisely measure the packet delay in both communication directions and, at the same time, calculate network parameters; e.g. the packet delay variation, the path asymmetry and dependency of the delay in opposite directions.
Measured values can be used to determine the usability of the network for the IEEE 1588 implementation and to predict the quality of the synchronization in a network. These measurements are important to achieve a precise synchronization in a low-cost network infrastructure.

Dariusz Załeski, Romuald Zielonko
A Solution of The Integrated μBIST for Functional and Diagnostic Testing in Mixed-Signal Electronic Embedded Systems

The paper concerns the testing of analogue circuits and blocks in mixed-signal electronic embedded systems (EESs), using the built-in self-test (BIST) technique. The integrated μBIST based on reusing signal blocks already present in an EES, such as processors, memories, ADCs, is presented. The novelty of the solution is the extended functionality of the μBIST. It can perform 2 testing functions: functional testing and fault diagnosis on the level of localization of a faulty element. For functional testing, the complementary signals (CSs), and for fault diagnosis the SBT vocabulary techniques have been used.

Maciej Orman, Cajetan T. Pinto
Acoustic analysis of electric motors in noisy industrial environment

This paper presents a method of acoustic analysis of electric motors in noisy industrial environment. Acoustic signals were measured by the microphones arrays called acoustic camera. Measurements by acoustic camera allow localization of sound source and by that separate sounds of interests from background noise. Results of acoustic analysis are compared with vibration measurements. Vibration monitoring is a well-known technique used in condition monitoring and in this work vibration measurements were used as a reference signal for assessment of the value of acoustic measurements. Vibration signals were measured by piezoelectric accelerometers. Two induction motor cases were examined — healthy motor case and combination of static eccentricity with soft foot case. As presented in result section acoustic analyses appear as valuable techniques for condition monitoring of electric motors even in noisy industrial environment.

Lauryna Šiaudinyte, Deividas Sabaitis, Domantas Brucas
Assumptions for development of the new centering – leveling device

Precision angle measurements are widely used in manufacturing circular scales which are the main component of angle encoders. Accuracy of such encoders have a great impact on production quality, costs and pace in various fields of activity. Therefore accuracy control leads to improvement of production. To evaluate the accuracy of a scale it has to be test and compared to a standard reference. It is achieved through calibration process, requiring complex methodology and equipment. Therefore design of a new centering – leveling device is presented. Moreover, methods and means for encoder scale calibration are discussed as well as the problem of centering and leveling of the scales is presented in the paper. The preliminary results of tilting and centering of the adjusting plates of the device are analyzed.

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