Sorin Nicolae Cociorva
A qualitative assessment of indoors air quality is presented, by the use of an electronic nose consisting of a gas sensor array, a data acquisition system and a pattern recognition system. The gas sensors are sensitive to gases polluting the indoors air but they are sensitive to indoors temperature and humidity as well. The data acquisition system overtakes the sensors specific response and outputs a characteristic pattern to the pattern recognition system. The latter, a logic neural network based system, classifies the results of the measurements on qualitative grounds and takes decisions...
Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era
· TC19
· 2010
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H. Ndilimabaka, P. Espel, A. Poletaeff
This paper describes a standard system at LNE to measure RMS value of distorted voltage waveforms by means of a sampling voltmeter. Thermal converters are used to trace this quantity to the SI units. Deviations within 15 μV/V are obtained whatever the total harmonic distortion of the waveforms.
Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era
· TC19
· 2010
· Download
Oleh Velychko, Tetyana Gordiyenko
Research some basis for national annual greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions evaluation for transport is national statistic data and expert evaluations. Quality and confidence of GHG inventory for transport through evaluation methodologies, preparation procedures and processing of data is confirm. Request at national GHG inventories which contain evaluation and analyses national data and expert evaluations for transport with main elements of ІРСС and EEA methodologies are determined. The use approaches ІРСС and EEA methodologies for evaluation for GHG inventory for transport are proposed. This...
Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era
· TC19
· 2010
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E.Balestrieri, L.De Vito, S.Rapuano, D. Slepicka
The paper deals with the uncertainty evaluation for the most used figures of merit of analog to digital converters in technical standards. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR), Signal to-Noise And Distortion ratio (SINAD) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), as defined in IEEE Std.1057, have been considered in order to derive practical uncertainty propagation formulas. The proposed formulas have been validated on simulated and actual signals generated by three different waveform generators and acquired by three waveform digitizers.
"Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era"
· TC4
· 2010
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F.M. Lombardi, A. Moschitta, P. Carbone
In this paper, a system is presented, which accurately synthesizes and coherently samples sinusoidal signals. The system, based on an atomic clock which disciplines both a signal generator and a data acquisition board, has been used to analyze the code excitation statistics of a coherently sampled sinewave, as a function of the selected sinewave parameters, including overdrive and initial phase. Experimental verifications have been carried out, aimed at investigating the problem of designing efficient stimuli for ADC testing purposes.
"Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era"
· TC4
· 2010
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Marián Chovanec, Linus Michaeli, Martin Sekerák, Ján Šaliga
Sigma delta modulation is useful for high performance analog-to-digital conversion of narrow band signals. Band-pass sigma delta modulation (BP ΣΔ ADC) is suitable for communication systems such as AM/FM receivers and mobile phones. Application of BP ΣΔ ADC in sensor systems is presented in the paper. BP ΣΔ ADC performs I/Q conversion of the complex impedance from two dimensional sensor into two digital values representing real and imaginary part of sensor output. The BP ΣΔ ADC is useful for outputs processing from the modulating sensors too. Implemented digital filters have important impact...
"Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era"
· TC4
· 2010
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László Balogh, István Kollár, Linus Michaeli, Ján Šaliga, Jozef Lipták
ADC testing is often done using sine wave excitation (see e.g. IEEE standard 1241). The measured data are fitted in least squares sense by a sine wave, and the residuals can be analyzed further. In recent papers, it has been recognized that even more (and more precise) information can be extracted by the solution of the maximum likelihood equations. This can be considered as an improvement to the three-parameter and four-parameter fits. Further investigations lead to the statement that the same principle can be extended to any measurement which uses an excitation signal which can be...
"Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era"
· TC4
· 2010
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Martin Sekerák, Linus Michaeli, Ján Šaliga, Marian Chovanec
This paper presents two new methods for measuring the static characteristic of high resolution Digital to Analog Converters (DACs). Both proposed methods are based on the conversion of the DAC output voltage to time by using a fast comparator and a reference calibrator. The main advantage of this approach is that time can be measured in the electronic domain much more accurately than amplitude. Both methods are based on direct time measurement by a high frequency counter and on the registration of the input DAC code. From the obtained information a Personal Computer (PC) evaluates the...
"Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era"
· TC4
· 2010
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Konrad Jędrzejewski
The paper presents the results of investigations on elimination of drift-like errors in intelligent cyclic A/D converters, in particular errors caused by drifts (droops) of voltage at the output of sample-and-hold blocks. The proposed solution is based on application of the extended multi-dimensional algorithm, which estimates simultaneously values of the input sample and the drift rate using the drift rate estimates for correction of the input sample codes. Implementation of the extended algorithm in the intelligent cyclic A/D converters requires only insignificant changes in the digital...
"Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era"
· TC4
· 2010
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Ciro Spataro
In the last years, many Authors have dealt with the uncertainty evaluation of the measurement performed by using an analog-to-digital converter, proposing different approaches to analyze the uncertainty propagation. However, in these studies, in order to identify the uncertainty sources, different sets of parameters are used, and, often, it is not considered that the various uncertainty sources have different modalities of propagation. Obviously, this implies that the various proposed approaches are not directly comparable. One of the main reasons which has caused this situation is the...
"Instrumentation for the Information and Communication Technology Era"
· TC4
· 2010
· Download