I. Frollo, P. Andris, V. Juráš, Z. Majdišová
MAGNETIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT OF THIN-LAYERS USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SEQUENCES

Magnetic field distribution measurement and imaging of thin layers using magnetic resonance techniques on biological samples have been performed. The resultant image represents the magnetic susceptibility distribution in the sample. An NMR imaging method susceptible to the homogeneity of magnetic field Gradient Echo was used. Since the investigated physical or biological samples did not generate any NMR signal, a homogeneous phantom (reference medium) was used - a container filled with water - as a medium. An image acquired by this method is actually a projection of the sample properties onto the homogeneous phantom. The method could be applied in nanotechnology, microelectronics and especially in the biological and medical sciences.

Klaus-Dieter Sommer, Albert Weckenmann, Bernd R. L. Siebert, Stefan Heidenblut, Karina Weißensee
A SYSTEMATIC MODELLING CONCEPT FOR UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS

The evaluation of measurement uncertainty is based on both, the knowledge about the measuring process and the quantities which influence the measurement result. The knowledge about the measuring process is represented by the model equation which expresses the interrelation between the measurand and the input quantities. Therefore, the modeling of the measurement is a key element of modern uncertainty evaluation. A practical modeling concept has been developed that is based on the idea of the measuring chain. It gets on with only a few generic model structures. From this concept, a practical stepwise procedure has been derived.

Thomas Allevard, Eric Benoit, Laurent Foulloy
A NEW DISTANCE FOR FUZZY DESCRIPTIONS OF MEASUREMENTS

Fuzzy nominal scales were introduced in order to propose a formalism to the representation of empirical quantities by fuzzy subsets of words. This paper presents the results of studies on distances associated to this formalism and proposes a new distance operator.

Luigino Benetazzo, Matteo Bertocco, Claudio Narduzzi
AD-HOC MEASUREMENT NETWORKS

This discussion paper presents issues in the design of ad-hoc, networked measurement systems. Key requisites are summarized at first. Then, architectural features will be analyzed in order to let a designer be aware of advantages and efforts of presented choices.

Marja Lähdekorpi, Heimo Ihalainen, Risto Ritala
USING IMAGE REGISTRATION AND ALIGNMENT TO COMPARE ALTERNATIVE 2D MEASUREMENTS

We present in this paper a novel method for comparing alternative 2D measurements. The method is based on a new image registration algorithm developed for the automatic registration and alignment of randomly textured image data. Our aim in the algorithm development has been to enable fast registration of the measured 2D property maps without the need for special registration marks. To improve robustness, the maps are registered in two steps; the first step exhibits plain translation and the second phase iteratively refines the transformation estimate. Sub-pixel registration accuracy is achieved. Several experiments have been conducted showing that the algorithm is able to register various 2D property maps successfully. After the registration we align the alternative 2D measurements. This enables the comparison and statistical joint analysis of several 2D property maps measured from the same target area. The high amount of independently measured data points in the property maps provides a firm statistical ground for conclusions. We have used the new registration algorithm to align various 2D surface profile measurements of paper and board. The analysis of the aligned measurements has confirmed the feasibility of our registration method and revealed fundamental differences between the measurement devices.